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Science > S3 Biology > Flashcards

S3 Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How does insect pollination work?

A

Pollen sticks to an insect’s body and is carried from one plant to another.

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2
Q

How does wind pollination work?

A

Pollen is carried by the wind from one plant to another.

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3
Q

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

A

Plants and animals can develop new characteristics

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4
Q

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?

A

Plants can reproduce by themselves

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5
Q

What are some characteristics of wind pollinated flowers?

A 
They have:
Small dark flowers
Loose anthers
Smooth pollen
Feathery stigmas
And a high pollen quantity
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6
Q

What are some characteristics of insect pollinated flowers?

A 
They have:
Large, bright flowers
Attached anthers
Sticky pollen
Sticky stigmas
And a low pollen quantity
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7
Q

What are two examples of natural asexual reproduction?

A

Runners and tubers

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8
Q

What three conditions are required for seed germination?

A

Medium temperature
Oxygen
Moisture

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9
Q

What is meant by the term “species”?

A

A group of living things that can breed to make fertile offspring

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10
Q

What is discrete variation?

A

Variation with only a small number of possibilities for differences (e.g left or right handed)

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11
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

Variation with a wide range of possible differences (e.g height)

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12
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

The process where the chromosome number in a cell is halved to make sex cells

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13
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

The process of combining two sex cells

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14
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

Only one type of allele for a certain characteristic

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15
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

Two different alleles for a certain characteristic

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16
Q

If John and Sarah are both heterozygous for cystic fibrosis, what is the chance that their child will have cystic fibrosis?

A

25%, or 1/4

17
Q

What is polygenic inheritance?

A

More than one set of genes decide what a characteristic is (e.g height)

18
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The visible characteristic of an organism

19
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The alleles an organism has for a certain characteristic

20
Q

What is an allele?

A

The type of gene you have (e.g dominant, recessive)

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