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Chemistry > S3 - Applications of Organics > Flashcards

S3 - Applications of Organics Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe an exothermic reaction?

A

A reaction or process that releases heat energy

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2
Q

What is combustion?

A

Combustion is when a substance reacts with oxygen releasing energy.

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3
Q

When hydrocarbons and alcohols burn in a plentiful supply of oxygen what is produced?

A

In a plentiful supply of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water are produced

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4
Q

When hydrocarbons and alcohols burn without a plentiful supply of oxygen what is produced?

A

Without a plentiful supply of oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon and water are produced

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5
Q

Formula to calculate heat energy released

A

Eh = cmΔT

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6
Q

Why are alcohols used as fuels

A

Alcohols are used as fuels as they are highly flammable and burn with very clean flames

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7
Q

What is miscible?

A

Will dissolve; soluble

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8
Q

Are methanol, ethanol and propanol soluble?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What is the solubility trend of alcohols?

A

Solubility decreases as size increases

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10
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols

A

hydroxyl group

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11
Q

What is the general formula for a saturated, straight chain alcohol

A

Cn H2n+1 OH

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12
Q

Carboxylic acids are used in the preparation of …

A

preservatives, soaps and medicines

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13
Q

What is the functional group for carboxylic acids

A

Carboxyl group, COOH

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14
Q

What are most plastics and synthetic fibres made from

A

Oil, crude oil

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15
Q

What is meant by synthetic in ‘synthetic fibre’

A

man made/ man made material

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16
Q

What are 3 or more examples of natural and synthetic fibres (3 each) and their uses

A

Natural
- silk - clothing
- cotton - clothing & textiles
- wool - clothing & textiles
- bamboo - furniture, fabrics, cloth, paper
- Hemp - ope, textiles, clothing, paper, bioplastics, insulation.
- wood - furniture, construction

Synthetic
- Nylon - plastic machine parts, clothing, nets, ropes
- polyester - clothing & textiles
- acrylic - lenses, nails, paint, med devices, furniture
- rayon

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17
Q

Advantages of natural materials

A
  • biodegradable
  • renewable
  • mostly water absorbent
18
Q

Advantages of synthetic materials

A
  • Flexible
  • durable
  • lightweight
  • cheap
  • mostly water resistant
19
Q

Disadvantages of natural materials

A
  • can be expensive
  • wears out easier and faster
  • less durable
  • harder to mass produce
20
Q

Disadvantages of synthetic materials

A
  • made from crude oil
  • non biodegradable
  • manufacturing emissions
21
Q

How are the properties of plastics related to their uses

A

Durability, cheapness and lightness all lend themselves to packaging

Shampoo bottle is durable, flexible and water resistant

22
Q

What is biodegradable

A

If something is biodegradable then it will decompose on it’s own without human interference in a short timescale

23
Q

Why is plastic’s non biodegradability an issue

A
  • Harmful plastic will take a long time to decompose, 20 to 500 years
  • Plastic can break down into microplastics which accumulate in the environment, have a negative effect on animals and through our consumption of animal products will negatively effect our health in that we too will ingest these microplastics.
24
Q

What type of material is a plastic

A

polymer

25
Q

What is meant by monomer

A

A monomer is a small unsaturated molecule which when joined together with multiple identical monomers forms a polymer

26
Q

What is a polymer

A

Polymers are long chain molecules formed by joining together a large number of small molecules called monomers.

27
Q

What is a repeating unit

A

A repeating unit is the shortest section of polymer chain which, if repeated, would yield the complete polymer chain (except for the end-groups).

28
Q

What is addition polymerisation

A

Addition polymerisation is the name given to a chemical reaction in which unsaturated monomers join together forming a polymer

29
Q

What is the mpt and bpt trend for carboxylic acids

A

As the no. of carbons increase the mpt and bpts decrease

30
Q

What is a hydration reaction

A

The addition of water to an alkene which produces an alcohol

31
Q

What is an addition reaction

A

Adding any diatomic molecule to an alkene

32
Q

What is hydrogenation

A

Hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen gas to an alkene, this produces an alkane.

33
Q

What is halogenation

A

Addition of a halogen to an alkene this produces a dihaloalkane

34
Q

0

A

0

35
Q

Are Alkanes soluble

A

No

36
Q

What are the products, reactants and catalysts in the cotswold process

A

Makes nitric acid from oxygen, water and ammonia uses platinum catalyst

37
Q

What are the products and catalyst of haber process

A

Makes ammonia uses iron catalyst

38
Q

How can you form an insoluble salt

A

An insoluble salt can be made by mixing two solutions of soluble salts in a process is called precipitation.

39
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction

A

Making a soluble salt by neutralising a soluble acid and an alkali (a soluble base)

40
Q

General formula alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

41
Q

General formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

42
Q

General formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

Chemistry (8 decks)

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