S3- ANatomy Flashcards
What are the layers of the GI tract?
Mucosa -epithelial layer -lamina propria -muscularis mucosae Submucosa External muscle layers -inner circular muscle -outer longitudinal muscle Serosa
Where are the Two plexuses of the enteric nervous system found?
Meissner’s – Submucosa
Auerbach’s– Betweent the inner circular muscle and outer longitudinal muscle
What is the predominant cell in the SI and colon
Enterocyte
What does the mucus protect the epithelia against? Describe the pattern of goblet cells from the duodenum to colon
Friction
Chemical damage (acidic environment)
Bacterial inflammation
Increase in number
What are the permanent folds in the intestine called?
Plicae Circulares
What 5 types of cells are found n intestinal crypts?
Paneth cells Stem cells Goblet cells Enteroendocrine cells Enterocytes
Function of paneth cells?
Secrete antibacterial proteins
Layers of the anterolateral abdo walL?
Skin Fascia- superficial and deep External oblique muscle Internal oblique muscle Transversus abdominis muscle Transversalis fascia Peritoneum
Directions of the muscle of the anterolateral abdo walls?
Ext ob– hand in pockets
Int Ob- Infero-posterior
Transversus abdominis- horizontal, going anteriorly
Describe the rectus sheath
Formed by the aponeuroses of ext ob, int ob, transversus abdominis enclosing rectus abdominis
Above the arcuate line:
- ant wall: Ext ob and half of Int ob aponeurosis
- Post wall- Half of int ob and transversis abdominis aponeurosis
Below arcuate line- All three muscles run anteriorly to the rectus abdominis
Posterior wall is just the transversalis fascia
Where is the arcuate line
Halfway between pubic symphysis and umbilicus
What is the linea alba and where does it run from and to?
Where the aponeuroses of the three anterolateral muscles entwine
Runs from Xiphoid process of sternum to pubic symphysis
Define mesentery
A double fold of peritoneum that attaches abdo viscera to the posterior wall
Define peritoneal ligament. Give 4 examples
Double fold of peritoneum connecting two viscera together or viscera to the anterior abdo wall
Gastrocolic- Stomach to transverse colon
Gastrosplenic- stomach to spleen
Falciform ligament- liver to ant abdowall
Triangular ligament- liver to diaphragm
Purpose of sphincters? (3)
Divide tube into sections
Control movement
Prevent reflux
