Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surgery 1 > s3 > Flashcards

s3 Flashcards

1
Q

anterior mediasternal mass with elevated B-Hcg and AFP?

A

Primary non-seminomatous germ cell tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what about teratoma?

A

Produce mediastinal mass but will not have elevated tumor marker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PCWP and Obstructive shock?

A

If pre pulmonary(TP, PE or Right Side H obs.)— Low/Normal PCWP
If post-Pulmonary (Aortic, LSH defect)—High PCWP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of shock can cause by aortic dissection?

A

Post-Pulmonary obstructive shock–Luminal obstruction

Hypovolemic–From bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Testicular torsion pathophysiology?

A

MC during puberty b/c of testicular enlargement
Insufficient Tests attachment to tunica vaginalis–Trauma,exercise and Movt during sleep–Rotation of testis along spermatic cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CM?

A

L.Abd/Inguinal/Testicular pain
Nausea and Vomiting(MC)
Testis will be tender, Non transilluminate high riding and horizontal lie
Elevation worsen pain
Absent cremasteric reflex
Swollen and erythematous Scrotum
May have recurrent px Sx spontaneously resolving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Dopler u/s – Decrease flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Management?

A

Surgical derotation and fixation

Manual derotation if surgery unavailable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cause of resistant HTN with Elevated Cr after ACEI initiation indicates?

A

Renal artery stenosis
May have lateralizing bruit and flash pulmonary edema
Present in first 2 years after transplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes?

A

Surgery (vascular injury and suturing)
Donor vessel atherosclerosis
Viral infection(CMV and BK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Renal artery doppler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A complication of femoral artery catheterization?

A

AVF–Swelling.No mass, continuous bruit
Hematoma—mass,No bruit
Psudoanyurithm due to dissection—Bulging, Pulsatile mass, and a systolic bruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cmplicatin of AVF?

A

Lower limb edema–Due to venous HTN
Lower limb ischemia–Due to reduced arterial flow
High output failure–Due to High venous return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Management of AVF?

A

Small: observation or U/S guided compression
Large:Surgical repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cause of haemothorax in blunt chest trauma?

A

Small vessel injuries like lung parenchyma or ICV

A large vessel like the aorta and hilar vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Intercostal vessel injury sign?

A

Rib #(localized pain and tenderness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

haemothorax sign?

A

hypovolemic shock

Decrease air entry and dullness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Aortic vessel injury?

A

Mostly in sever injury
MC at isthmus
If at ascending–CT,MI, FND from dec.CV flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Disease-associated with an umbilical hernia?

A

Hypothyroidism
Ehler-Danol
Beckwith-Widman
But frequently in normal newborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Management?

A

Observation

Surgery at 5 years or complication occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What about gastroschisis and omphalocele?

A

Warrant imidiate surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What about umbilical granuloma?

A

Moist, pedunculated, red, and friable mass after stamp removal—Treat with silver nitrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Wound botulism Cxs?

A

10 days after infection in a puncture wound
Usually have abscess
Fever and leukocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CM?

A

Like food born botulism
CN palsy(MC:3,4,6,9 and 10)
Respiratory compromise due to Diaphram injury
Muscle paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

management?

A

imidiate botulunium antitoxin then
wound culture and serum toxin screening
Antibiotic
Respiratory support for RF and Debridement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Drug-induced hypoventilation cause?

A

Anesthetics
Narcotics
Sedatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Cause of alveolar hypoventilation in post-surgery?

A

Subdiaphramatic Surgery

Narcotic pain medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Uric acid stone pathophysiology?

A

Inc.Sec(MPD,Gout), Inc cons,(Hot,arid Climate and Dhn)–Increase precipitation of UA-crystal formation
Low urine PH(Chr. Diharroa, Metabolic syndrome/DM)—favor UA(water Ins. than urate(Water-soluble)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

CM?

A

Radiolucent
Romboid shape
Acidic urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Treatment?

A

Alkalize urine using K.Citrate or potassium carbonate

Surgery usually Unescesery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

MC stone in ADPCK disease?

A

Uric acid stone B/C of the kidney produce more acidic urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

cause of distributive shock in pituitary apoplexy?

A

Adrenal crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Dopamine agonist like bromocriptine S/E?

A

orthostatic hypotension

34
Q

Ludwing angina?

A

Rapideley progressive cellulitis of sublingual and submandibular spaces.
Due to extension of infection from dental molars

35
Q

CM?

A

Sublingual area elevation–tongue protrude posteriorly—airway obstruction
Submandibular area swelling
The neck is woody and brown

36
Q

Cardiac temponad on X-ray?

A

Acute: Normal Heart sailout(100-200ml for Sx))
Chronic: Globular heart saliought(>200 ml for Sx)

37
Q

pancriaticoplural fitula fluid caracter?

A

Exudative in light criterion
High amylase(High to serum/Pleural fluid to serum amylase ratio >1)
PH:7.3-7.5
Occur in patients with chronic pancreatitis

38
Q

management?

A

Bowel rest–enable PPF close
endoscopic sphincterotomy of ampulla of Vater–aid fluid to drain to bowel
Refractory case percutaneous drainage or surgery
A chest tube is ineffective and increase recurence

39
Q

what about borhave pleural effusion?

A

PH <5

Hx of severe vomiting

40
Q

Pancreatic cyst prevalence at age > 70%?

A

40 %
among these only 0.01 % are malignant
As a result, many managed conservatively

41
Q

Things to consider in a pan. Cyst?

A

Since resection have a high risk of mortality and morbidity Identification of malignant feature is important

42
Q

malignant feature?

A

Size >3 CM
Solid component or calcification
Main pancreatic duct involvement (i,e Dilation)
Thickened or irregular cyst wall

43
Q

What to do in a cyst with a Malignant feature?

A

Endoscopic U/S guided biopsy

Surgical resection may be considered in very high-risk cases

44
Q

what about the pan. pseudocysts?

A

The cyst is a Round, well-circumsised fluid collection.
Does not require further investigation
If symptomatic(Abd, Pain) or rapid enlargement do endoscopic drainage.

45
Q

Duodenal hematoma pathophysiology?

A

Blunt Abd, trauma–Injury of b/v in mucosa and submucosa–Hematoma–intestine obstruction in 24-48 hour

46
Q

CM?

A

Sx mainly develop after 1 day

Epigastric discomfort, Nausea, and vomiting

47
Q

Diagnosis?

A

CT scan of the abdomen(C-Shaped)

48
Q

Management?

A 
Bowel rest
NG tube Decompression
Total paraenteral nutrision
CT or U/S serial follow up
Mainely resolve in first few weeks
49
Q

DPL function?

A

Reserved for Hemodynamically unstable patients with FAST negative and HU after resuscitation to do CT

50
Q

FAST role D/C in H.stable and H.Unstable patient w/o peritonitis?

A

HU: If +–laparotomy
HS: If +–Do CTAP

51
Q

Laparotomy Ind D/c?

A

In HU:Peritonitis or FAST +

In HS: Onley peritonitis

52
Q

What is a major factor related to malignant suspicion in SLN?

A

SIze
<0.6 low risk and not require F-UP
>)0.8 needs at least oservation and F-Up?

53
Q

Factor increase probability of SLN to be malignant?

A 
Size >2 CM
Advanced patient age
Female sex
active/previous smoking Hx
Personal/family Hx of Ca
UL location
Speculated rad.Finding(like Irregular Border)
54
Q

Why is Floroquinolol C/I inpatient with Aortic aneurysm/risk of aortic aneurysm?

A

Activate metalloproteinase—Aortic aneurysm ruptured in AA Pt and AA formation in patients at risk
Like retinal detachment and Achilles tendon rapture

55
Q

Fournier gangreen pathophysiology?

A

MC perineal/genital breakdown—Colonization with polymicrobial from colonic or UG source–Infection spread In SC fat through fascial plane–Microthrombi of SC vessels—Skin necrosis

56
Q

CM?

A

1-Rapidly progressive
2-Swelling, Tenderness,s and crepitation in lower abdomen, perineum, and scrotum
3-Systemic Sx like Fever and Hypotension
4-Lab: Leukocytosis,L.Acidosis,RF and coagulophaty

57
Q

management?

A

Immediate surgery

Imaging not require

58
Q

CSF rhinorrhea risk?

A

TBI(HI/Surgery)

Factor Increase ICP

59
Q

CM?

A

Clear, Persistent, Salty or Metalic nasal discharge which increases by maneuver increase ICP

60
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Test for CSF specfic protein like B-2 transferine and B-Trace protien
To localize use imaging/endoscopy after intrathecal contrast injection

61
Q

Management?

A

Bed rest, Head neck elevation, and avoid straining
Surgical repair/Intrathecal drainage for resistant one
Frequent Neurologic evaluation for meningitis screening

62
Q

Angiography with embolization can consider in what case in BAT?

A

Liver and Spleen laceration confirmed by CT and it should be hemodynamically stable low grade

63
Q

atraumatic splenic rapture cause?

A

HM(Leukemia/Lymphoma..)

INFn(CMV,EBV

64
Q

What precipitate?

A

Use of anticoagulant

65
Q

Management?

A

HS,LG–Embolization

HU,HG—Splenectomy

66
Q

Spermatocele?

A

Non-Transiluminating mass at tests upper pole

Not change with Valsalva/standing

67
Q

Distal radial collins # with minor trauma may be a sign of?

A

Osteoporosis

68
Q

Wide excisional biopsy is indicated for?

A

melanoma

high risk/recurrent non-melanomatous lesion

69
Q

normal S-BHCG in non Px?

A

Non-pregnant women: less than 5 mIU/mL.

Healthy men: less than 2 mIU/mL.

70
Q

location of osteosarcoma?

A

In children: metaphysis

In adult: At the site of bone damage(PD, Radiation, and benign bone lesion)

71
Q

X-ray feature?

A 
Mixed Radiolucent and opaque lesion
Periosteal elevation(Codman triangle)
Cortical thickening (Sunbreast)
72
Q

what bone lesion can cause periosteal elevation, thickening, and sclerosis?

A

Stress #(But will not have destructive, lucent area)

73
Q

extremity vascular injury hard sign?

A

Pulsatile bleeding
expanding heamatoma
Bruit and thrill at site of injury
Distant extremity ischemia sign(Absent pulse, Cool extremity)

74
Q

Soft sign?

A

Hx of hemorrhage
Diminished pulse
Bony injury
Neurologic abnormality

75
Q

what it the importance to classify?

A

In presence of penetrating injury if have
Hard sign: Immediate surgical exploration
Soft sign: Do the Injured extremity index(Like ABI), CT scan or conventional angiography(preferd), doppler sonography

76
Q

Splenic abscess patho?

A

Distant infection(IE,Cholis)–Bacteremia specially in immunocompromised

77
Q

CM?

A 
LUQ pain radiates to the back
High-grade fever
\+/- splenomegally
anorexia and weight loss
Leukocytosis with left shift
elevation of left diaphragm
78
Q

diagnosis and Tx?

A

D: Abdominal CT
Tx: AB and splenectomy

79
Q

Urgent Urologic consultation for a case of stone for urethral stent and nephrostomy?

A

Urosepsis
AKI
Refractory pain

80
Q

consultation for lithotripsy or other ablation?

A

Stone size >10 mm
Not pass within 4-5 week
warrant urologic evaluation

81
Q

Cellulitis occur after human bite managment?

A

Amox-Clav(Also cover B-l prod, Anarobs, G+, and G-,Thre causative agent for human bite)
Keep wound open
Heal by secondary intension

82
Q

S/E of topical/systemic CS on the eye?

A

Increase risk of open-angle glaucoma

Surgery 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions