S2) Introduction to Microbes Flashcards
Identify the 4 constituents of the ‘microbial world’
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Parasites
- Fungi
Identify 8 micro-organisms and list them in order of increasing size
→ Prions
→ Proteins
→ Viruses
→ Mycoplasma / Chlamydiae / Rickettsiae
→ Mitochondria
→ Bacteria
→ Eukaryotic cells (yeasts, protozoa, etc)
→ Worms
List 4 components of a virus
- Envelope
- Protein coat
- Spikes
- Nucleic acid (DNA / RNA)
What are the different bacterial shapes?
What colour do Gram positive bacteria stain?
Stain purple
What are the components of Gram positive gram stains?
- Plasma membrane
- Periplasmic space
- Peptidoglycan
What colour do Gram negative bacteria stain?
Stain red
What are the components of Gram negative gram stains?
- Plasma membrane
- Periplasmic space
- Peptidoglycan
- Outer membrane (lipopolysaccharide and protein)
Identify and describe different bacteria in terms of their oxygen tolerance
- Aerobes – require oxygen in environment for survival
- Anaerobes – require oxygen-free environment for survival
Identify 3 medically important Gram Positive cocci bacteria
- Staph aureus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Strep pyogenes
Identify 2 medically important Gram Positive bacilli bacteria
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Clostridium difficile
Identify 2 medically important Gram Negative cocci bacteria
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Identify 4 medically important Gram Negative bacilli bacteria
- E.coli
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Salmonella typhi
- Haemophilus influenzae
Identify two mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis
- Virulence factors
- Toxins
Identify 4 virulence factors and provide an example for each
- Host entry e.g. polysaccharide capsule
- Adherence to host cells e.g. pili, fimbrae
- Invasiveness e.g. enzymes such as collagenase
- Iron sequestration e.g. siderophores
Identify 2 types of toxins and provide and example for each
- Exotoxins e.g. diphtheria toxin
- Endotoxins e.g. lipopolysaccharide
Identify 2 types of fungi and provide and example for each
- Yeasts (unicellular) e.g. Candida albicans
- Moulds (multicellular) e.g. Dermatophytes
Identify 2 types of parasites and provide and example for each
- Protozoa (unicellular) e.g. Plasmodium falciparum
- Helminths (multicellular) e.g. Roundworms, tapeworms
Describe the kinetics of bacterial growth in a liquid medium
