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S2 Science > S2 Chemistry > Flashcards

S2 Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the signs of a chemical reaction?

A

A colour change
A temperature change
A gas being released - look for fizzing or bubbles
A solid being formed

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2
Q

What can you do to increase the speed of a reaction?

A

Decrease the particle size
Increase temperature
Increase concentration
Adding a catalyst

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3
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a chemical reaction & is not used up in the reaction.

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4
Q

What is the name of a biological catalyst?

A

The catalyst present in living things are enzymes, sometimes also called biological catalysts.

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5
Q

Magnesium + _ _ _ _ _ _ = Magnesium Oxide

A

Oxygen

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6
Q

Carbon + _ _ _ _ _ _ = Carbon dioxide

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

Oxygen + _ _ _ _ _ _ = water

A

Hydrogen

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8
Q

If a substance has a pH of 3 is this an acid or an alkali?

A

A substance with a pH of 3 is an acid.

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9
Q

If a substance has a pH of 14 is this an acid or an alkali

A

A substance with a pH of 14 is an alkali.

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10
Q

A substance with a pH of 7: Is this an acid or an alkali?

A

A substance with a pH of 7 is neutral.

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11
Q

A substance with a pH of 7.4: Is this an acid or an alkali?

A

A substance with a pH of 7.4 is an alkali.

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12
Q

Which pH range do gastric juice have?
a) Around pH 2
b) Around pH 7
c) Around pH 9

A

a) Gastric juices have a pH around 2.

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13
Q

Which pH range do hand soap or cleaning fluids that contain bleach have?
a) Around pH 2-3
b) Around pH 7
c) Around pH 10-12

A

c) Hand soap or cleaning fluids that contain bleach have a pH of around pH 10-12.

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14
Q

What colour does red cabbage indicator turn when you add acids?

A

Red cabbage indicator turns pink when you add acids.

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15
Q

What colour does red cabbage indicator turn when you add alkalis?

A

Red cabbage indicator turns green when you add alkalis.

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16
Q

What colour does red cabbage indicator turn when you add a neutral substance?

A

Red cabbage indicator stays purple when you add a neutral substance.

17
Q

Write the word equation that shows what happens when an acid and an alkali react.

A

An acid an an alkali neutralise and form salt and water:
acid + alkali –> salt + water

18
Q

What type of salt is produced by hydrochloric acid?

A

Hydrochloric acids produce chlorides.

19
Q

What type of salt is produced by sulfuric acid?

A

Sufuric acid produces sulfates.

20
Q

What type of salt is produced by nitric acid?

A

Nitric acid produces nitrates.

21
Q

Write the word equation when sodium hydroxide (an alkali) reacts with hydrochloric acid.

A

Sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid
–>
Sodium chloride + water

22
Q

Write a chemical reaction for this example:
Hydrogen reacting with oxygen to produce water.

A

Hydrogen + Oxygen –> Water

23
Q

Write a chemical reaction for this example:
Sodium chloride is produced by reaxcting sodium and chlorine.

A

Sodium + Chlorine –> Sodium chloride

24
Q

Chemical reaction? Yes or No?
A solid forming when two solutions are added together.

A

Yes, this is a chemical reaction.

25
Q

Chemical reaction? Yes or No?
Separating chalk from water.

A

No, this is a physical separation, not a chemical reaction.

26
Q

Chemical reaction? Yes or No?
A puddle evaporating.

A

No, this is a physical change of state, not a chemical reaction.

27
Q

Chemical reaction? Yes or No?
Making magnesium and oxygen from magnesium oxide.

A

Yes, this is a chemical reaction.

28
Q

Chemical reaction? Yes or No?
Adding calcium to water - it fizzes and gets hot.

A

Yes, this is a chemical reaction.

29
Q

In which experiment would the aspirin take the longest to dissolve?
a) aspirin tablet, water at 20 degrees C
b) aspirin powder, water at 40 degrees C
c) aspirin powder, water at 30 degrees C
d) aspirin tablet, water at 40 degrees C.

A

a)
Explanation: Using a tablet instead of powder decreases the rate of reaction; the lower temperature also decreases the rate of reaction

30
Q

Which two experiments should be compared to show the effect of particle size on the speed of dissolving?
a) aspirin tablet, water at 20 degrees C
b) aspirin powder, water at 40 degrees C
c) aspirin powder, water at 30 degrees C
d) aspirin tablet, water at 40 degrees C.

A

b & d
Explanation: The temperature needs to stay the same (40 degrees) as it is a controlled variable; the only thing changing (the independent variable) is aspirin powder vs aspirin tablet.

30
Q

Nitric acid reacts with an alkali to form sodium nitrate and water. What is the alkali?

A

Sodium hydroxide

30
Q

Lithium chloride is made when lithium hydroxide reacts with which acid?

A

Hydrochloric acid

30
Q

Why can experiments c and d not be used to investigate the effect of particle size on dissolving?
a) aspirin tablet, water at 20 degrees C
b) aspirin powder, water at 40 degrees C
c) aspirin powder, water at 30 degrees C
d) aspirin tablet, water at 40 degrees C.

A

The temperature is also changing, so the results would be invalid. Only one thing (the particle size, i.e. powder vs tablet) should change to get valid results.

30
Q

Sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide react. What is the salt called that is made in this reaction?

A

Sodium sulfate

30
Q

Copper carbonate solution (green) is easily decomposed by heating. As a result, the solid copper oxide (black) is formed and the gas carbon dioxide is also released. What signs of a chemical reaction are shown in this example?

A

There is a colour change (green to black), a solid is formed and a gas is released.

S2 Science (2 decks)

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