S1_L2_CPR_PhysicalDx - 6-38 Flashcards
1
Q
complaints as reported by the patient
A
SYMPTOM
2
Q
t or f symptom is objective
A
f, subjective
3
Q
findings by the medical professional
A
sign
4
Q
t or f sign is subjective
A
f. objective
5
Q
Amount of air a person is able to inhale and
exhale at rest
A
● Tidal Volume (TV)
6
Q
Amount of air a person can maximally inspire at the
end of a normal inspiration
A
● Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
7
Q
Amount of air a person exhale some more maximally
at the end of a normal expiration
A
● Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
8
Q
IRV + TV + ERV
A
● Vital Capacity (VC)
9
Q
Amount of air that can come in and could get out of
a person’s lungs
A
● Vital Capacity (VC)
10
Q
Air that always stays in the lungs at the end of the
expiratory reserve volume (residual)
A
● Residual Volume
11
Q
○ VC + RV
A
Total Lung Capacity
12
Q
IRV + TV + ERV + RV
A
Total Lung Capacity
13
Q
patterns of breathing: (10)
A
Eupnea
Tachypnea
Bradypnea
Hyperpnea
Sighing
Air trapping
Cheynes-Stokes
Kussmaul
Biot
Ataxic
14
Q
normal, regular and comfortable at a rate
of 12-20 cpm (age-dependent)
A
Eupnea
15
Q
causes of tachypnea
A
exercise,
infection
acidosis,
hypoxemia
heart failure
16
Q
<12 cpm
A
Bradypnea
17
Q
causes f bradypnea
A
hypothyroidism,
electrolyte imbalances,
drugs,
obesity
18
Q
hyperventilation, deep breathing
A
Hyperpnea
19
Q
what is the RR of a hyperpnic pt
A
> 20 cpm
20
Q
causes f hyperpnea
A
neurologic,
psychiatric,
metabolic,
infection
21
Q
pattern of breathing that is frequently interspersed
A
Sighing
22
Q
t or f sighing is a superficial breath
A
f, deeper breath
23
Q
increasing difficulty in getting breath out
A
Air trapping
24
Q
causes of air trapping
A
asthma,
COPD
25
varying periods of increasing depth
interspersed with apnea
Cheynes-Stokes
26
checyne stokes is varying periods of increasing depth
interspersed with _
apnea
27
causes of cheyne stokes
heart failure,
stroke,
brain
tumors,
traumatic brain injuries
28
rapid, deep, labored pattern of breath
Kussmaul
29
causes of kussmaul
acidosis
renal failure
30
irregularly interspersed periods of
apnea in a disorganized sequence
of breaths
Biot
31
causes of biot
trauma,
stroke,
damage or
pressure to medulla oblangata
32
significant disorganization with
irregular and varying depths of
respiration
Ataxic
33
ataxic indicates __ prognosis
poor
34
causes of ataxic
damage to medulla oblangata
35
what will increase the rate and depth of breathing
Acidosis (metabolic)
CNS lesions (pons)
Anxiety
ASA poisoning
Hypoxemia
Pain
36
what will decrease the rate and depth of breathing
Alkalosis (metabolic)
CNS lesions
(cerebrum)
Myasthenia Gravis
Narcotic overdoses
Obesity (extreme)
37
Signs and Symptoms of Respi prob
dyspnea
cough
sputum
breath
38
Difficulty in breathing is called
Dyspnea
39
• Labored breathing is called
Dyspnea
40
dyspnea is SOB, sob means
Shortness of breath
41
t or f dyspnea is Commonly observed in pulmonary or
cardiac compromise
t
42
t or f dyspnea decreases with severity of
underlying disease
f, in general, it increases with severity of
underlying disease
43
Dyspnea: Questions to ask
• Is it present even when the patient is resting?
• How much walking? On a level surface? Up
stairs?
• Is it necessary to stop and rest when climbing
stairs?
• What other activities precipitate it? What level
of physical demand?
44
Dyspnea: Forms
• orthopnea
• paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
• platypnea
• trepopnea
45
SOB that begins or increases when
the patient lies down
Orthopnea
46
orthopnea is quantified by the _
needed to lie down comfortably
number of pillows
47
a sudden onset of shortness of
breath after a period of recumbency
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
48
t or f sitting upright is helpful in orthopnea
f, • sitting upright is helpful in paroxysmal
49
SOB that begins or increases when the
patient is upright
platypnea
50
platypnea due to
• cardiac defects (ie: ASD with right-to-left
shunt)
• worsening VQ mismatch
51
SOB that is pronounced
on sidelying
trepopnea
52
trepopnea due to
Due to a unilateral
diseased lung
53
10 Ps of Dyspnea of Rapid Onset
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Constriction/Asthma
Peanut (foreign body)
Pulmonary Embolus
Pericardial Tamponade
Pump Failure (Heart Failure)
Peak Seekers (high altitudes)
Psychogenic
Poisons
54
t or f cough is a common symptom of a respiratory
problem
t
55
causes of cough may be related to _ or
more _ insults at any point of the
respiratory tract
localized, general
56
cough may be _ or _ response
to an _
voluntary, reflexive, irritant
57
Cough: Sequence of events
1. usually preceeded by a deep
inspiration closure of glottis
2. contraction of chest, abdominal and
pelvic muscles sudden spasmodic
expiration (forces open the closed
glottis)
3. air and secretions are exhaled
58
generally associated with cough
sputum
59
t or f a little sputum doesnt suggest a presence of disease
f, • in more than small amounts and with
any degree of consistency always
suggests the presence of disease
60
t or f sputum characteristics may give a clue
to some causes of sputum
t
61
Some Causes of Sputum/Hemoptysis
Bacterial infection
viral infection
chronic infectious disease
carcinoma
infarction
tuberculous cavity
62
Bacterial
infection sputum characteristics
Yellow, green, rust (blood mixed with yellow
sputum), clear, or transparent; purulent; blood
streaked; mucoid, viscid
63
Mucoid, viscid; blood streaked (not common), what cause
of sputum
viral infection
64
what cause of sputum has these characterisitcs:
Yellow, green, rust (blood mixed with yellow
sputum), clear, or transparent; purulent; blood
streaked; mucoid, viscid
bacterial infection
65
viral infection sputum charactersitics
Mucoid, viscid; blood streaked (not common)
66
All of the above; particularly abundant in the early
morning; slight, intermittent, blood streaking;
occasionally, large amounts of blood: what sputum cause
Chronic
Infectious
disease
67
chornic infectious diseas has what characterisitcs
All of the above; particularly abundant in the early
morning; slight, intermittent, blood streaking;
occasionally, large amounts of blood
68
carcinoma has what charcteristic of sputum?
Slight, persistent blood streaking
69
what cause of sputum is this: Slight, persistent blood streaking
Carcinoma
70
Blood clotted; large amounts of blood: what cause of sputum
Infarction
71
infarction possible sputum chacreterisitcis
Blood clotted; large amounts of blood
72
Large amounts of blood: what cause of sputum
Tuberculous
Cavity
73
tuberculous cavity has what sputum charcteristics
Large amounts of blood
74
breath smells:
Sweet, fruity
fishy, stale
ammonia-like
musty fish, clover
foul, feculent
foul, putrid
halitosis
cinnamon
75
Diabetic ketoacidosis; starvation ketosis: what smell
sweet fruity
76
uremia: what smell
Fishy , stale and ammonia like
77
Fetor hepaticus: hepatic failure, portal vein
thrombosis, portocaval shunts: what smell
Musty fish,
clover
78
Intestinal obstruction, diverticulum: what smell
Foul, feculent
79
nasal/sinus pathology: infection, foreign body,
cancer: respiratory infections: empyema, lung
abscess, bronchiectasis: what smell
Foul, putrid
80
Tonsillitis, gingivitis, respiratory infections, vincent
angina, gastroesophageal reflux, PUD: what smell
Halitosis
81
PTB is what smell
Cinnamon
82
Physical Examination (4)
• Inspection
• Auscultation
• Palpation
• Percussion
83
t or f initial assessment is under palpation
f, under inspection
84
General Impression (5)
• Position
• Color
• Mental status
• Ability to speak
• Respiratory effort
85
Thoracic Contour is under _
inspection
86
t or f The chest will not be
absolutely symmetric
t
87
Barrel chest suggests:
chronic asthma,
emphysema,
cystic fibrosis
88
AP of thoracic contour is greater than transverse
diamter t or f
f, AP < transverse diameter
89
AP of thoraic countour decreases with age t or f
f, increases
90
transverse diameter of thoracic contour measurement
>0.70-0.75
91
Thoracic Contour: (5)
• Pectus Excavatum
• Pectus Carinatum
• Kyphosis
• Scoliosis
• Kyphoscoliosis
92
Funnel or Sunken Chest is what
Pectus Excavatum
93
pectus excavatum causes
Compression of the heart & great vessels may cause murmurs
94
Pigeon Chest is what
Pectus Carinatum
95
t or f pigeon chest Doesn’t really impact
negatively on the heart or the lungs UNLESS
associated with some inborn
metabolic derangement or any bony abnormalities
t
96
t or f kyphosis Definitely compromises heart & lungs
t
97
Compresses and limits the airways
kyphosis
