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CPR > S1_L2_CPR_PhysicalDx - 6-38 > Flashcards

S1_L2_CPR_PhysicalDx - 6-38 Flashcards

1
Q

complaints as reported by the patient

A

SYMPTOM

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2
Q

t or f symptom is objective

A

f, subjective

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3
Q

findings by the medical professional

A

sign

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4
Q

t or f sign is subjective

A

f. objective

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5
Q

Amount of air a person is able to inhale and
exhale at rest

A

● Tidal Volume (TV)

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6
Q

Amount of air a person can maximally inspire at the
end of a normal inspiration

A

● Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

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7
Q

Amount of air a person exhale some more maximally
at the end of a normal expiration

A

● Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

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8
Q

IRV + TV + ERV

A

● Vital Capacity (VC)

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9
Q

Amount of air that can come in and could get out of
a person’s lungs

A

● Vital Capacity (VC)

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10
Q

Air that always stays in the lungs at the end of the
expiratory reserve volume (residual)

A

● Residual Volume

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11
Q

○ VC + RV

A

Total Lung Capacity

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12
Q

IRV + TV + ERV + RV

A

Total Lung Capacity

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13
Q

patterns of breathing: (10)

A

Eupnea
Tachypnea
Bradypnea
Hyperpnea
Sighing
Air trapping
Cheynes-Stokes
Kussmaul
Biot
Ataxic

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14
Q

normal, regular and comfortable at a rate
of 12-20 cpm (age-dependent)

A

Eupnea

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15
Q

causes of tachypnea

A

exercise,
infection
acidosis,
hypoxemia
heart failure

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16
Q

<12 cpm

A

Bradypnea

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17
Q

causes f bradypnea

A

hypothyroidism,
electrolyte imbalances,
drugs,
obesity

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18
Q

hyperventilation, deep breathing

A

Hyperpnea

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19
Q

what is the RR of a hyperpnic pt

A

> 20 cpm

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20
Q

causes f hyperpnea

A

neurologic,
psychiatric,
metabolic,
infection

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21
Q

pattern of breathing that is frequently interspersed

A

Sighing

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22
Q

t or f sighing is a superficial breath

A

f, deeper breath

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23
Q

increasing difficulty in getting breath out

A

Air trapping

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24
Q

causes of air trapping

A

asthma,
COPD

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25
Q

varying periods of increasing depth
interspersed with apnea

A

Cheynes-Stokes

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26
Q

checyne stokes is varying periods of increasing depth
interspersed with _

A

apnea

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27
Q

causes of cheyne stokes

A

heart failure,
stroke,
brain
tumors,
traumatic brain injuries

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28
Q

rapid, deep, labored pattern of breath

A

Kussmaul

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29
Q

causes of kussmaul

A

acidosis
renal failure

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30
Q

irregularly interspersed periods of
apnea in a disorganized sequence
of breaths

A

Biot

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31
Q

causes of biot

A

trauma,
stroke,
damage or
pressure to medulla oblangata

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32
Q

significant disorganization with
irregular and varying depths of
respiration

A

Ataxic

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33
Q

ataxic indicates __ prognosis

A

poor

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34
Q

causes of ataxic

A

damage to medulla oblangata

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35
Q

what will increase the rate and depth of breathing

A

Acidosis (metabolic)
CNS lesions (pons)
Anxiety
ASA poisoning
Hypoxemia
Pain

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36
Q

what will decrease the rate and depth of breathing

A

Alkalosis (metabolic)
CNS lesions
(cerebrum)
Myasthenia Gravis
Narcotic overdoses
Obesity (extreme)

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37
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Respi prob

A

dyspnea
cough
sputum
breath

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38
Q

Difficulty in breathing is called

A

Dyspnea

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39
Q

• Labored breathing is called

A

Dyspnea

40
Q

dyspnea is SOB, sob means

A

Shortness of breath

41
Q

t or f dyspnea is Commonly observed in pulmonary or
cardiac compromise

A

t

42
Q

t or f dyspnea decreases with severity of
underlying disease

A

f, in general, it increases with severity of
underlying disease

43
Q

Dyspnea: Questions to ask

A

• Is it present even when the patient is resting?
• How much walking? On a level surface? Up
stairs?
• Is it necessary to stop and rest when climbing
stairs?
• What other activities precipitate it? What level
of physical demand?

44
Q

Dyspnea: Forms

A

• orthopnea
• paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
• platypnea
• trepopnea

45
Q

SOB that begins or increases when
the patient lies down

A

Orthopnea

46
Q

orthopnea is quantified by the _
needed to lie down comfortably

A

number of pillows

47
Q

a sudden onset of shortness of
breath after a period of recumbency

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

48
Q

t or f sitting upright is helpful in orthopnea

A

f, • sitting upright is helpful in paroxysmal

49
Q

SOB that begins or increases when the
patient is upright

A

platypnea

50
Q

platypnea due to

A

• cardiac defects (ie: ASD with right-to-left
shunt)
• worsening VQ mismatch

51
Q

SOB that is pronounced
on sidelying

A

trepopnea

52
Q

trepopnea due to

A

Due to a unilateral
diseased lung

53
Q

10 Ps of Dyspnea of Rapid Onset

A

Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Constriction/Asthma
Peanut (foreign body)
Pulmonary Embolus
Pericardial Tamponade
Pump Failure (Heart Failure)
Peak Seekers (high altitudes)
Psychogenic
Poisons

54
Q

t or f cough is a common symptom of a respiratory
problem

A

t

55
Q

causes of cough may be related to _ or
more _ insults at any point of the
respiratory tract

A

localized, general

56
Q

cough may be _ or _ response
to an _

A

voluntary, reflexive, irritant

57
Q

Cough: Sequence of events

A
  1. usually preceeded by a deep
    inspiration closure of glottis
  2. contraction of chest, abdominal and
    pelvic muscles sudden spasmodic
    expiration (forces open the closed
    glottis)
  3. air and secretions are exhaled
58
Q

generally associated with cough

A

sputum

59
Q

t or f a little sputum doesnt suggest a presence of disease

A

f, • in more than small amounts and with
any degree of consistency always
suggests the presence of disease

60
Q

t or f sputum characteristics may give a clue
to some causes of sputum

A

t

61
Q

Some Causes of Sputum/Hemoptysis

A

Bacterial infection
viral infection
chronic infectious disease
carcinoma
infarction
tuberculous cavity

62
Q

Bacterial
infection sputum characteristics

A

Yellow, green, rust (blood mixed with yellow
sputum), clear, or transparent; purulent; blood
streaked; mucoid, viscid

63
Q

Mucoid, viscid; blood streaked (not common), what cause
of sputum

A

viral infection

64
Q

what cause of sputum has these characterisitcs:
Yellow, green, rust (blood mixed with yellow
sputum), clear, or transparent; purulent; blood
streaked; mucoid, viscid

A

bacterial infection

65
Q

viral infection sputum charactersitics

A

Mucoid, viscid; blood streaked (not common)

66
Q

All of the above; particularly abundant in the early
morning; slight, intermittent, blood streaking;
occasionally, large amounts of blood: what sputum cause

A

Chronic
Infectious
disease

67
Q

chornic infectious diseas has what characterisitcs

A

All of the above; particularly abundant in the early
morning; slight, intermittent, blood streaking;
occasionally, large amounts of blood

68
Q

carcinoma has what charcteristic of sputum?

A

Slight, persistent blood streaking

69
Q

what cause of sputum is this: Slight, persistent blood streaking

A

Carcinoma

70
Q

Blood clotted; large amounts of blood: what cause of sputum

A

Infarction

71
Q

infarction possible sputum chacreterisitcis

A

Blood clotted; large amounts of blood

72
Q

Large amounts of blood: what cause of sputum

A

Tuberculous
Cavity

73
Q

tuberculous cavity has what sputum charcteristics

A

Large amounts of blood

74
Q

breath smells:

A

Sweet, fruity
fishy, stale
ammonia-like
musty fish, clover
foul, feculent
foul, putrid
halitosis
cinnamon

75
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis; starvation ketosis: what smell

A

sweet fruity

76
Q

uremia: what smell

A

Fishy , stale and ammonia like

77
Q

Fetor hepaticus: hepatic failure, portal vein
thrombosis, portocaval shunts: what smell

A

Musty fish,
clover

78
Q

Intestinal obstruction, diverticulum: what smell

A

Foul, feculent

79
Q

nasal/sinus pathology: infection, foreign body,
cancer: respiratory infections: empyema, lung
abscess, bronchiectasis: what smell

A

Foul, putrid

80
Q

Tonsillitis, gingivitis, respiratory infections, vincent
angina, gastroesophageal reflux, PUD: what smell

A

Halitosis

81
Q

PTB is what smell

A

Cinnamon

82
Q

Physical Examination (4)

A

• Inspection
• Auscultation
• Palpation
• Percussion

83
Q

t or f initial assessment is under palpation

A

f, under inspection

84
Q

General Impression (5)

A

• Position
• Color
• Mental status
• Ability to speak
• Respiratory effort

85
Q

Thoracic Contour is under _

A

inspection

86
Q

t or f The chest will not be
absolutely symmetric

A

t

87
Q

Barrel chest suggests:

A

chronic asthma,
emphysema,
cystic fibrosis

88
Q

AP of thoracic contour is greater than transverse
diamter t or f

A

f, AP < transverse diameter

89
Q

AP of thoraic countour decreases with age t or f

A

f, increases

90
Q

transverse diameter of thoracic contour measurement

A

> 0.70-0.75

91
Q

Thoracic Contour: (5)

A

• Pectus Excavatum
• Pectus Carinatum
• Kyphosis
• Scoliosis
• Kyphoscoliosis

92
Q

Funnel or Sunken Chest is what

A

Pectus Excavatum

93
Q

pectus excavatum causes

A

Compression of the heart & great vessels may cause murmurs

94
Q

Pigeon Chest is what

A

Pectus Carinatum

95
Q

t or f pigeon chest Doesn’t really impact
negatively on the heart or the lungs UNLESS
associated with some inborn
metabolic derangement or any bony abnormalities

A

t

96
Q

t or f kyphosis Definitely compromises heart & lungs

A

t

97
Q

Compresses and limits the airways

A

kyphosis

CPR (3 decks)

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