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Neoplasia > S12 > Flashcards

S12 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the common child cancers?

A

CNS
Leukaemia
Lymphoma

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1
Q

What are the most common forms of cancer?

A

Breast
Prostate
Lung
Bowel

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2
Q

What staging is used in general cancers?

A

TNM
Tumour
Node
Metastasis

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3
Q

What are the criteria for TNM bowel and prostate?

A

T1-T4 - increasing size
N0-N3 - nodes
M0-M1 - metastasis

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4
Q

What is the T criteria for breast cancer?

A

TIS - in situ
T1 - 5cm
T4 - through chest wall

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5
Q

And the n and m?

A

Same as others

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6
Q

What staging is used for colorectal cancer?

A

A - not through bowel wall
B - through bowel wall
C1 - nodes regional affected
C2 - nodes further away affected

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7
Q

What is likely to happen if there are ulcers and polyp/polyps in colon?

A

Colon adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

What classification system is used to Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Ann Arbor system

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9
Q

What does Ann Arbor system classify?

A

Lymph nodes

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10
Q

What is the classification?

A

I - one lymph node
II - two or more on one side of diaphragm
III - two or more on both sides of diaphragm
IV - multiple foci

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11
Q

What cells are present with Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Reed steelberg which release eosinophils

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12
Q

What are the b symptoms of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Night sweats
Fever
Weight loss

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13
Q

What is grading?

A

How well or not well differentiated a tissue is

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14
Q

What is the grading?

A 
Gx - not able to assess
G1 - well differentiated
G2 - moderately differentiated
G3 - poorly differentiated 
G4 - undifferentiated
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15
Q

What grading system for the breast carcinoma used?

A

Scarf bloom Richardson

16
Q

How is it graded?

A
  • tubule (more is good)
  • nuclear variation
  • number of mitosis
17
Q

What is the survival rates (10 years) for breast carcinomas?

A

Grade I - 85%
Grade II - 60%
Grade III - 15%

18
Q

What grading system is used for prostate cancer?

A

Gleason grading system

19
Q

What do you also look for in prostate adenocarcinoma?

A

PSA

20
Q

How can cancer be treated?

A

Radiation
Chemotherapy
Surgery
Hormone therapy

21
Q

What is adjuvent treatment?

A

Used after surgical removal to prevent subclinical manifestations

22
Q

What is neoadjuvant treatment?

A

Shrinkage of tumour before its removed

23
Q

How does radiation work?

A

Kills the cells proliferating
Triggering apoptosis
However minimal doses because it can damage new tissue and cause free radicals.

24
Q

Give an example of a high sensitivity, fairly high, moderate and low sensitivity cancer radiation response.

A

High - leukaemia
Fairly high - squamous carcinoma
Moderate - GI
Low - sarcoma

25
Q

Name some chemotherapy drugs

A

Methotrexate
Antibiotics eg topo isomerase
Alkylaying agents eg cisplatin
Anti metabolites eg fluorouracil

Neoplasia (1 decks)

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