S11.2 Prostate Cancer

Question 1

On which zone of the prostate does cancer occur?

Answer 1

Peripheral

Question 2

What are some risk factors for prostate cancer?

Answer 2

Increased age
BRCA2 mutation
Family history

Question 3

How does prostate cancer present in women?

Answer 3

Women don’t have a prostate dickhead

Question 4

What is the presentation for prostate cancer?

Answer 4

Asymptomatic
Urinary voiding (not as much as BPH)
Lower back pain due to bone metastases

Question 5

How do we diagnose prostate cancer?

Answer 5

DRE then PSA

Question 6

What is a PSA blood test and when should we do it?

Answer 6

Prostate specific antigen is an enzyme which liquefies semen.
Only do PSA test when abnormal prostate is seen on DRE as PSA can be raised from other conditions such as infection or BPH.

Question 7

How does a prostate feel?

Answer 7

Without cancer: soft

With cancer: hard

Question 8

What system is used to grade prostate cancer?

Answer 8

Gleason grade

Question 9

What is the treatment for prostate cancer?

Answer 9

Localised/ local advanced: surveillance and radiotherapy

Metastatic: hormones, radiotherapy