S1.1 Introduction to particulate nature of matter Flashcards
elements
The primary constituents of matter, which cannot be broken down into simpler substances
compounds
Consist of atoms of different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio
mixtures
Contain more than one element or compound in no fixed ratio, which are not chemically bonded and so can be separated by physical methods
heterogeneous mixtures
have non-uniform composition
homogeneous mixtures
have uniform composition
solid to gas
sublimation
gas to solid
deposition
properties of a solid
- high density
- fixed, regular pattern
- particles vibrate around a fixed position
- low energy particles
- incompressible
- strong inter particle forces
properties of a liquid
- medium density
- random arrangement
- fixed volume, adapt to container size
- move around each other
- greater energy particles
- virtually incompressible
- reasonably strong inter particle forces
properties of a gas
- low density
- random arrangement
- no fixed volume
- move quickly in all directions
- highest energy particles
- compressible
- weak inter particle forces
filtration
insoluble solid from a liquid
crystallisation/evaporation
soluble solid from solution
keep solid
simple distillation
soluble solid and liquid
keep both
fractional distillation
2 or more liquids miscible with eachother
chromatography
substances with different solubilities
