(S1) Unit 1: Civil War and Reconstruction

Question 1

Causes of the Civil War:

Answer 1

• Failure of popular sovereignty (1850s)
• Fugitive Slave Act (If any slave escapes from somewhere in the South to the North they must be returned)
• Election of Abraham Lincoln
• Confederate attack on Fort Sumter

Question 2

Slave or Free?

Answer 2

•Following victory in the Mexican war (1846-1848) the primary issue dividing the nation was whether the newly acquired territories would be slave or free (Due to Compromise of 1820, Texas became slave and California free)

Question 3

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 3

…NMI

Question 4

Fugitive Slave Act

Answer 4

…NMI

Question 5

1860 Election

Answer 5

…NMI

Question 6

Fort Sumter

Answer 6

…NMI

Question 7

The South Secedes

Answer 7

…NMI

Question 8

Emancipation Proclaimation

Answer 8

•Executive order issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863
•All slaves in Confederate states (but not in border states) are freed
-Help motivate Union troops
-Encourage slaves to desert the South
-Encourage better relations with Britain, who had already banned slavery around the time of the American Revolution
-Lincoln believed slavery was immoral

Question 9

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 9

• Turning point of the war
• July 1-3, 1863
• Union victory, last battle fought on Northern soil

Question 10

General George Mead

Answer 10

…NMI

Question 11

General George Custer

Answer 11

…NMI

Question 12

Gettysburg Address

Answer 12

…NMI

Speech made by Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysberg

Question 13

North vs. South

Answer 13

•Resources for the war

- Workers: 1.3 million vs. 110,000
- Factories: 100,000 vs.18,000
- Value of goods processed: 1.5 billion vs 155 million
- % of U.S. railroad tracks: 70% vs 30%
- Textiles (including cotton cloth and woolen goods): Ratio of 17:1
- Firearms: Ratio of 32:1
- Pig iron: Ratio of 20:1

Question 14

Lincoln’s Policy

Answer 14

• The North won’t allow those who have fallen to die in vein
• The North will win and the South will consent to proposed Constitutional amendments
• The South will be forgiven and brought back into the Union

Question 15

General Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 15

…NMI

Question 16

Total War

Answer 16

• Defeat all armies
• Destroy all crops and livestock
• Destroy all non-essential infrastructure
• Enlist freed slaves

Question 17

General Tecumseh Sherman

Answer 17

…NMI

Question 18

Lee’s Surrender at appomattox

Answer 18

…NMI

Question 19

Assassination of Lincoln

Answer 19

• April 14, 1865 at For’d Theatre in Washington D.C.

* Assassination plot intended to kill the entire Lincoln cabinet

Question 20

John Wilkes Booth

Answer 20

…NMI

Question 21

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

Answer 21

• 1st president to be impeached
• Was acquitted
• Was on the Lincoln ticket because he was from a neutral/border state (Tennessee)

Question 22

Punishment v. Forgiveness

Answer 22

• U.S. Congress wanted to occupy and punish the South
• While Johnson also wanted to forgive the South like Lincoln, he wanted to be more lenient and less sympathetic to former slaves

Question 23

Civil War Amendments

Answer 23

• 13th Amendment- Abolition of Slavery
• 14th Amendment- Equal protection and due process for everyone (including non-citizens)
• 15th- African-American men can vote

Question 24

Carpetbaggers

Answer 24

•Northerners taking economic advantage in the reconstruction South

Question 25

Scalawags

Answer 25

•Southerns with cooperated with the Union during Reconstruction (“sellouts”)

Question 26

Sharecropping

Answer 26

•After slavery was abolished, instead of a slave owner living on their land and their slaves living and working on it, slave owner “gave” land to the former slaves who signed contracts where they had to purchase supplies to work the land from the land owner and gave half of their crops to the land owner

Question 27

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 27

•Murdered and intimidated African Americans in order to keep them:

- Segregated
- Uneducated
- Disenfranchised (Cannot vote)

Question 28

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Answer 28

• Union forces occupy the South to enforce federal law

* States would be grouped and put into military districts

Question 29

President Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 29

• Although considered an excellent general, he was only a mediocre president
• President during Reconstruction

Question 30

Election of 1876

Answer 30

…NMI

Question 31

Compromise of 1877

Answer 31

• When both Hays and Tilden failed to win a majority of the electoral college, the vote went to the House of Representatives
• In order to secure the necessary Southern votes to put Hays in the White House, the Republicans agreed to end Reconstruction

Question 32

President Rutherford B. Hays

Answer 32

…NMI

Question 33

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 33

•Southern laws that segregated African Americans from whites
•Black codes were also enacted in Southern states, preventing African Americans from:
-Voting
-Holding political office
-Attending school with whites

Question 34

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 34

• 1896

* Established “Separate but equal”