S1 - State of matter

Question 1

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 1

• Solids
• Liquids
• Gases

Question 2

What state you get depends on what?

Answer 2

How strong the forces of attraction are between the particles of the material

Question 3

How strong the forces are depends on what three things?

Answer 3

• The material
• The temperature
• The pressure

Question 4

Describe the formation of solids (attraction? shape? movement?)

Answer 4

• Strong forces of attraction between particles holding them together in a fixed position to form a very regular lattice arrangement.
• The particles don’t move from position so keep a definite shape and volume.
• The particles vibrate about their position - the hotter the solid becomes the more it vibrates (causes them the expand slightly)

Question 5

Describe the formation of liquids (attraction? shape? movement?)

Answer 5

• Weak forces of attraction between the particles. Randomly arranged and free to move past each other - stick close together
• Have a definite volume but don’t keep a definite shape- flow to fill container
• Particles are constantly moving with random motion. The hotter the liquid gets the faster it moves causes them to expand slightly

Question 6

Describe the formation of gases (attraction? shape? movement?)

Answer 6

• No forces of attraction between particles (very weak if any) Free to move and are far apart. Particles travel in straight lines
• Don’t keep a definite shape or volume and will always fill container
• Particles move constantly with random motion. The hotter it gets the faster they move . They expand when heated and pressure increases.

Question 7

What is a physical change?

Answer 7

When the particles don’t change just their arrangement or energy

Question 8

Solid - Liquid

Answer 8

Melting

Question 9

Liquid - Gas

Answer 9

Evaporating

Question 10

Gas - Liquid

Answer 10

Condensing

Question 11

Liquid - Solid

Answer 11

Freezing

Question 12

Solid - Gas

Answer 12

Subliming

Question 13

What do melting and evaporating and subliming have in common?

Answer 13

Heat energy is supplied between the state

Question 14

What do freezing and condensing have in common?

Answer 14

Heat energy is given out between the states

Question 15

Describe the energy of the particles from a solid to a liquid

Answer 15

When the solid is heated its particles gain more energy. This makes them vibrate more which weakens the forces of attraction holding the solid together making the solid expand.

At a certain temperature the particles have enough energy to break free from their positions. This is melting (solid - liquid)

Question 16

Describe the energy of the particles from a liquid to a gas

Answer 16

When a liquid is heated the particles have more energy. The energy makes the particles move faster weakening and breaking the bonds holding the liquid together.

At a a certain temperature the particles have enough energy to break their bonds. This is evaporating (liquid - gas)