S1 Models of the Particulate Nature of Matter

Question 1

Explain why there is a relatively large difference between the first and second ionization energies of copper.

Answer 1

Second ionisation energy removes electron from a stable atomic orbital (full 3d10 orbital) so more energy is required

Furthermore in first ionisation energy, there is electron sheilding between 4s sublevel and 3d sublevel, so less energy required to remove first electron

Question 2

Which ions bend most in electromagnet of mass spectrometer?

Answer 2

Ions with the smallest mass

Question 3

Why do ions bend in a mass spectrometer

Answer 3

Ions generate slight magnetic fields which interact with field of the electromagnet

Question 4

What is the formula for how many electrons an energy level can hold?

Answer 4

2n^2

Question 5

Relative mass of electrons, protons and neutrons

Answer 5

Electrons - 1/1836
Protons - 1
Neutrons - 1