S1 Introduction to American soft power

Question 1

With great power comes great responsibility

Answer 1

The US presence is not always welcome (military or film industry)

Question 2

What is power ?

Answer 2

The ability for people or countries to get what they want easily

Question 3

World cloud around POWER

Answer 3

Powerlessness powerful powers powerless empowered

Question 4

8 synoyms of POWER

Answer 4

Command strenght control authority dominion might force influence

Question 5

What is smart power ?

Answer 5

Combination ot hard and soft power (solution explored to find the right way to get what you want according to the context)

Question 6

What do foreign relations rely on ?

Answer 6

They rely heavily on the notion of power (they have or think they have)

Question 7

What is hard power ?

Answer 7

Hard power is exerted via violent methods (war or weapons)

Question 8

What is soft power ?

Answer 8

Soft power relies ont diplomacy and discussions (influenced by admiration or respect one country might have for the other)

Question 9

Example of US smart power

Answer 9

Obama in Libya in 2011 (protector of democracy and asked Congress first)

Question 10

New kind of soft power

Answer 10

Jacinda Ardern (NZ PM) in 2020 following mass shooting (NZ largest terror event) donned a hijab and spoke against racism and division

Question 11

Is soft power always established ?

Answer 11

No il fluctuates according to the relationships between the world leaders and international events and the persona of the leaders

Question 12

Who is Joseph Nye ?

Answer 12

He served as Assistant Secretary of Defense under Bill Clinton (American President between 1992 2000)

Question 13

Why did the US become world leader after WWII ?

Answer 13

Because its military power was hard to challenge (before Nye s theory about soft power 1990 and 2004 hard power (nuclear) was considered to be the main asset ie valuable thing)

Question 14

Hard power defined by Joseph Nye

Answer 14

Hard power can rest on inducements (carrots) or threats (sticks)

Question 15

What is the carrot ? Nye

Answer 15

Situation in which one country offers something appealing to another one (carrot) but it involves sacrifice or compromise.

Question 16

What is the stick ? Nye

Answer 16

The stick refers to the use of force or command (ability to change what others do) or coercion

Question 17

POWER defined by Nye

Answer 17

The ability for actors to achieve their preferred outcomes

Question 18

Soft power defined by Nye

Answer 18

It is the ability to get what you want through attraction rather than coercion or payments. It arises from the attractiveness of a countrys culture and political ideals and policies. When you can get others to admire your ideals and to want what you want you do not have to spend as much on sticks and carrots to move them in your direction. Seduction is always more effective than coercion and many values like democracy human rights and individual opportunities are deeply seductive.

Question 19

What are the 3 areas of soft power ? (Nye)

Answer 19

Culture, political values and foreign policies

Question 20

Define foreign policies

Answer 20

Decisions that world leaders make in order to interact with foreign countries (can affect their reputation and improve or deteriorate relations with other nations)

Question 21

Example of successful soft power strategy

Answer 21

Argentina 1976 (Jorge Rafael Videla and the Dirty War)

Question 22

Example of unsuccessful foreign policy for Nye

Answer 22

9/11 (The means the Bush administration chose focused too heavily on hard power and did not take enough account of soft power and that is a mistake because it is through soft power that terrorists gain general support as well as new recruits)

Question 23

UNESCO definition of culture

Answer 23

Preamble to the Universal Declaratio on Cultural Diversity (2001)

Question 24

Lane Crothers definition of culture

Answer 24

Root values and ideas and assumptiuns and behaviors and attitudes that members of particular communities share in an unexamined automatic way (things culture teach their members are normative standards of evaluation of dress or food or behavior or attitudes or ideas etc)

Question 25

Which social indices show american soft power for Nye ?

Answer 25

Foreign immigrants and foreign students and scholars in American universities (Nobel prizes and scientific articles and book publications and TV films music websites)

Question 26

The Big Four or GAFA

Answer 26

Google Apple Facebook and Amazon

Question 27

Exchanges of cultural products for Lane Crothers

Answer 27

Or CP are like any others and can circulate freely or they need to be protected so cultural diversity does not disappear

Question 28

3 problems people fear according to Lane Crothers

Answer 28

Cultural corruption and imperialism and homogenization

Question 29

What is cultural corruption ?

Answer 29

School of Frankfurt (city life corrupted people because they were exposed to brothels and crime and diseases and consumerism and individualism) far from the rural ideal of community life

Question 30

What is imperialism ?

Answer 30

Fear that a dominant culture will erase another one (The Hispanic Challenge and the Mexican reconquista)

Question 31

What is homogenization ?

Answer 31

Fear that the presence of American companies in foreign countries will overshadow local companies (we will end up eating the same thing and reading the same thing and wearing the same thing)