S1 Glossary: Cellular Injury Flashcards
What is Apoptosis?
The process of programmed cell death
(The enzymes called caspases are the effectors of apoptosis)
What is Necrosis?
The death of cells or tissue in the body
What is Autophagy?
The body’s process of reusing old and damaged cells parts
What is Phagocyte?
Immune cell that surround and kill microorganisms, ingest foreign material, and remove dead cells
What is Atrophy?
Decrease size of tissue, organ or cell
= Less number cells and decrease cell size
What is Hypotrophy?
Increased cell size and increased functional capacity
What is Hyperplasia?
Stimulation of cells undergo mitotic divisions
= Increased number of cells
What is Metaplasia?
Abnormal replacement of one differentiated cell type by another (Adaptive substitution of cells)
What is Dysplasia?
The persistent irritation to abnormal cell (metaplasia) within tissue or organ
(may lead to nuclear atypia (abnormal cell nucleus) )
- can be reversable
What is Hypoxia?
Low oxygen (O2)
What is Anoxia?
Without oxygen
(May be due to thrombus: Blood clot)
What is Hydropic swelling?
Cell swelling due to injured cell
Ischemia: restriction of blood, hypoxia and anoxia can lead to cell swelling (hydropic swelling)
What is Anthracosis?
An accumulation of exogenous substance
(Due to the cell enzymatic machinery cant degrade the substance or have no ability to transport it to other sites)
What is Adaptation?
A modification of an organisms to adjust to the environment or in different situations
What is Phagocyte?
Immune cell that surround and kill microorganisms, ingest foreign material, and remove dead cells
