S1 EXAM REVIEW Flashcards
1
Q
Chief northern negotiator in creating the compromise of 1850
A
Daniel Webster
2
Q
President who proposed to acquire Texas, Oregon, and California if elected
A
James K. Polk
3
Q
President under whom the Ostend Manifesto was drafted
A
Franklin Pierce
4
Q
Man who became President after Zachary Taylor’s death
A
Millard Fillmore
5
Q
The 1840 WHIG nominee for President
A
W. H. Harrison
6
Q
The 1848 DEMOCRAT nominee for President
A
Lewis Cass
7
Q
President who refused to cooperate with his fellow Whig colleagues in Congress
A
John Tyler
8
Q
The 1848 WHIG nominee for President
A
Zachary Taylor
9
Q
Chief architect of the Kanas-Nebraska Act
A
Stephen A. Douglass
10
Q
President who was heavily criticized and blamed for the economic Panic of 1837
A
Martin Van Buren
11
Q
Prior to the Mexican-American War, what did Texas and U.S. officials recognize as the rightful border between Texas and MEXICO?
A
The Rio Grande River
12
Q
Prior to the Mexican-American War, what did Texas and U.S. officials recognize as the rightful border between Texas and the rest of the U.S.?
A
The Nueces River
13
Q
Who was the chief commander of American forces at the Battle of Vera Cruz?
A
Winfield Scott
14
Q
Which President was responsible for the annexation of Texas?
A
John Tyler
15
Q
Free Soil Party supporters would have likely supported all of the following EXCEPT:
a) The abolition of slavery
b) The Wilmot Proviso
c) Opening western territories up for free labor
d) Opening western territories up for popular sovereignty
A
D: Opening western territories up for popular sovereignty
16
Q
The Osten Manifesto was drafted for what purpose?
A
To provide legal justification for taking Cuba from Spain in the even that Spain refused to sell Cuba
17
Q
Which man was sent by American officials to buy a valuable piece of Mexican territory so that a transcontinental railroad could be built across the southern part of the United States?
A
James Gadsden
18
Q
Queen Victoria of Great Britain was said to have shed tears after reading what literary work?
A
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
19
Q
How did the phrase ‘Bleeding Kansas’ become so prominent in the 1850’s?
A
Because after the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed, pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the territory fought over whether Kansas would become a slave or free state.
20
Q
The famous campaign slogan, “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” referenced what political team running for President and Vice President?
A
William Henry Harrison and John Tyler. It was meant to draw attention to WHH’s military reputation, divert people’s attention from potentially serious political issues, and to draw whig support from slaveholders in the South.
21
Q
1849 was an important year in American history because of what great event?
A
The California Gold Rush
22
Q
John Humphrey Noyes’ attempt to create a utopian society
A
Oneida Community
23
Q
Man responsible for laying the first successful transatlantic telegraph line
A
Cyrus Field
24
Q
Led a Texan revolt against Mexican authorities over Mexico’s ban on slavery
A
William Barrett Travis
25
Inventor of the mechanical reaper
Cyrus McCormick
26
Reform movement based on eliminating the consumption of alcoholic beverages
Temperance Movement
27
Man responsible for the 19th century emergence of the steamboat
Robert Fulton
28
Religious doctrine that emphasizes rationalism (reason over revelation)
Deism
29
Legendary American hero who fled to Texas after being exposed in a forgery scheme
Jim Bowie
30
Organized a failed slave revolt in 1800 near Richmond, Virginia
Gabriel Prosser
31
Religious doctrine associated with the 2nd coming of Jesus Christ
Adventism
32
Invented the cotton gin in 1793
Eli Whitney
33
Reform movement based on self-reflection, self-reliance, and returning to nature
Transcendentalism
34
Legendary Tennessean who went to Texas after not getting reelected to Congress
Davy Crockett
35
British abolitionist who inspired the American anti-slavery movement
William Wilberforce
36
American abolitionist and editor of 'The Liberator.'
William Lloyd Garrison
37
Led Mexican forces against the Texans at the Battle of the Alamo
Santa Anna
38
The Impresario System sought to do what?
Recruit new, industrious immigrants to Texas and to convert immigrants into official Mexican Citizens. It was an immigration system to try to get better immigrants into Mexico.
39
After a long westward journey from New York, Mormons eventually settled where?
Utah
40
What is Filibustering?
Filibusters are armed individual U.S. citizens (not official military) who went into Mexico to try to secretly and unofficially take Texas from Mexico.
41
All of the following men were active religious leaders during the period of the 2nd Great Awakening EXCEPT:
a) Jonathan Edwards
b) Joseph Smith
c) Charles Grandison Finney
d) Peter Cartwright
A: Jonathan Edwards (he was part of the FIRST great awakening, not the second.)
42
Which man was influential in promotin 19th century educational reform in America and was referred to as the 'Father of Modern Education'?
Horace Mann
43
The Nat Turner rebellion occurred where?
Southampton County, VA
44
John Jacob Astor became very wealthy during the age of the Market Revolution through his involvement in what type of business?
Fur-trading and western land speculation
45
Duncan Phyfe produced what?
Furniture
46
What is the term used to describe how many southern planters rationalized and interpreted the nature of their relationships with their slaves?
Paternalism
47
Who issued the 'Declaration of Sentiments' at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
48
What famous military leader and statesman successfully led Texans to their independence at the Battle of San Jacinto?
Sam Houston
49
After the American Revolution, many Virginia planters began to grow less tobacco and more ______.
Wheat
50
American Group which adamantly opposed the War of 1812
Federalists
51
Supreme Court case that affirmed federal regulation of interstate commerce
Gibbons vs. Ogden
52
President who led the U.S. during the Era of Good Feelings
James Monroe
53
Supreme Court case that established the precedent of judicial review
Marbury vs. Madison
54
President who signed the commissions of numerous 'midnight judges'
John Adams
55
President who negotiated the "Corrupt Bargain" prior to his election
John Quincy Adams
56
American group which enthusiastically supported the War of 1812
WarHawks
57
Supreme Court case involving the Second Bank of the United States
McCullough vs. Maryland
58
Aided Lewis and Clark during their expedition
Sacajawea
59
Chief architect and promoter of the 'American System'
Henry Clay
60
Famous American author who wrote "The Last of the Mohicans"
James Fenimore Cooper
61
President responsible for implementing the Indian Removal Act
Andrew Jackson
62
Declared the federal tariffs of 1828 and 1832 to be null and void
John C. Calhoun
63
President of the Bank of the United States during Jackson's Presidency
Nicholas Biddle
64
Famous American author who wrote "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"
Washington Irving
65
President who negotiated the Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson
66
True or False: The Hartford Convention took place during the Era of Good Feelings
False
67
True or False: The Missouri Compromise took place during the Era of Good Feelings
True
68
America acquired the Louisiana territory from which country?
France
69
True or False: Andrew Jackson threatened to Kill Alexander Hamilton in a duel
False, it was Aaron Burr
70
The slave revolt that Toussaint L'Overture led in Santo Domingo had an indirect, yet critical effect in bringing about which of the following?
The Louisiana Purchase
71
The Bonus Bill proposed to do what?
Connect America's east and west coasts through a system of roads
72
What event inspired Francis Scott Key to write "The Star Spangled Banner?"
The Battle at Fort McHenry
73
The Missouri Compromise tried to satisfy both sides of the slavery argument by doing what?
Admitting one free state and one slave state into the union
74
What did the 'American System' plan include?
Protective tariffs, federal funding for domestic infrastructural improvements, and rechartering the Bank of the United States
75
What caused the death of the federalist party?
The War of 1812 and the Hartford Convention
76
Gave the U.S. a part of Florida and navigation rights on the Mississippi River
Pinckney's Treaty
77
Constitutional provision cited to justify Hamilton's financial plan
Elastic Clause
78
First Vice President of the united States
John Adams
79
Constitutional provision cited to oppose Hamilton's financial plan
10th Amendment
80
Famous Anti-Federalist who advocated for a Bill of Rights
George Mason
81
1791 Pennsylvania Rebellion concerning taxation
Whiskey Rebellion
82
Famous Federalist and 'Father of the Constitution'
James Madison
83
First U.S. Secretary of State
Thomas Jefferson
84
Normalized military and economic relations between the U.S. and England
Jay Treaty
85
1786 Massachusetts rebellion concerning a dispute over debts
Shays' Rebellion
86
Proposed to replace the Articles of Confederation with a centralized republic
Virginia Plan
87
First U.S. Secretary of the Treasury
Alexander Hamilton
88
Proposed to make only moderate changes to the Articles of Confederation
New Jersey Plan
89
First U.S. Secretary of War
Henry Knox
90
The Virginia Declaration of Rights and the Virginia Statutes for Religious Freedom were the basis for ___________.
The Bill of Rights
91
Who wrote the Virginia Statutes for Religious Freedom?
Thomas Jefferson
92
What did the Three-Fifths Clause do?
Counted individual slaves as three-fifths of a person for congressional representational purposes
93
Which Miami Indian leader was defeated by Anthony Wayne's American forces at the Battle of Fallen Timbers?
Little Turtle
94
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were written in direct response to what?
The Alien and Sedition Acts
95
How did Alexander Hamilton propose to produce a steady revenue stream for the U.S.?
Tariffs on imported goods and excise taxes on domestic goods
96
The French Enlightenment philosopher Montesquieu is most renowned for writing about what?
The Separation of Powers
97
The Presidential legacy of John Adams was heavily tarnished due to the way he handled what?
The XYZ Affair
98
The famous Virginia revolutionary who refused to attend the Constitutional Convention because he 'smelled a rat'
Patrick Henry
99
The term 'Legislative Licentiousness' was used to describe what?
The allegedly selfish obsessions of newly elected, inexperienced delegates in state legislatures following the American Revolution
100
What were some weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
No executive branch; no judicial branch; no power to tax by congress; no common currency
101
What was the Great Compromise?
A compromise to reach a middle ground between the two sides who were fighting over the constitution. One side wanted a strong central government and one side wanted strong stated governments.
102
American Patriot leader of the Sons of Liberty
Samuel Adams
103
French diplomat whose 'assassination' cause the French & Indian War
Jumonville
104
Battle remembered for 'the shot heard around the world'
Lexington-Concord
105
Battle which helped America forge an alliance with France
Saratoga
106
French commander who assisted the Continental Army in 1781
Rochambeau
107
Mohawk commander who allied with the British during the Revolution
Joseph Brandt
108
Altered the British military strategy during the French & Indian War
William Pitt
109
Scots-Irish colonists who attacked Pennsylvania Indians in 1763
Paxton Boys
110
American Hero at the Battle of Saratoga
Benedict Arnold
111
American Hero of the Southern Campaigns
Nathaniel Greene
112
Served as a watchdog agency for enforcing boycotts of British goods
Continental Association
113
Formulated England's plan to tax colonists after the French & Indian War
George Grenville
114
American patriot who negotiated the American-French alliance
Benjamin Franklin
115
British cavalry officer who was defeated at the Battle of Cowpens
Banastre Tarleton
116
Kept colonists connected and up-to-date on efforts to boycott British goods
Committees of Correspondence
117
Colonists who rebelled against North Carolina's royal governor in 1765
Regulators
118
The Declaration of Independence was written by __________.
Thomas Jefferson
119
The Intolerable Acts did what?
Shut down the port of Boston and put Boston under British military rule
120
In 1763, which famous Indian leader led a pan-Indian revolt against the British?
Pontiac
121
George Rogers Clark was an American officer in the American Revolution who primarily fought in which theatre battle?
The Western Frontier Theatre
122
True or False: The Paxton Boys were organized by colonists to actively oppose and/or diplomatically protest British taxation policies in the North American colonies
False; they attacked Pennsylvania Indians
123
The British General that George Washington surprised and trapped at Yorktown, VA in 1781
Charles Cornwallis
124
Jonathan Edwards was ______________.
A minister during the first Great Awakening
125
The Proclamation of 1763 was heavily opposed by which of the following people?
American stockholders of the Ohio Company
126
What was Fort Necessity?
The makeshift frontier fort that George Washington surrendered to the French in 1754
127
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
It said that no one was allowed to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains. They did not want people to disturb the Indians or spend money for expeditions.
128
When did George Washington and his troops attack the Germans at the Battle of Trenton?
Christmas Eve- when the Germans were passed out drunk.
129
Who said that people are entitled to "life, liberty, and estate?"
John Locke
130
Who attempted to take Fort Desquesne?
Edward Braddock
131
Founder of Rhode Island
Roger Williams
132
Which territory was settled as a business venture?
Virginia
133
King Phillip was also known as _________.
Metacomet
134
Religious dissenter associated with antinomianism
Ann Hutchinson
135
Religious leader associated with predestination
John Calvin
136
Leader of the 1644 Powhatan Revolt
Opechancenough
137
English overseer of "The Lost Colony"
Sir Walter Raleigh
138
Founder of Georgia
James Oglethorpe
139
Slave labor system on South Carolina rice plantations
Task System
140
Slave labor system on Chesapeake tobacco plantations
Gang System
141
English pirate known as "The Sea Dog"
Sir Francis Drake
142
Where was the first successful British colony in North America?
Jamestown
143
The system by which Chesapeake tobacco planters were granted 50 acres for every new settler they brought into their colonies
The Headright System
144
The British colony that earned the reputation for being 'the best poor man's country'
Pennsylvania
145
By the end of the 17th century, the ratio of African slaves to European whites was 4:1 in which colonies?
The Caribbean Colonies
146
What were the cash crops grown by white British settlers in the Chesapeake AND Southern colonies?
Tobacco, rice, and indigo
147
The Indian Confederacy that the Pilgrims first encountered at Plymouth in 1620 was _________.
The Wampanoag Confederacy
148
The 'call and response' component of African-American gospel music can be traced back to _______.
Ringshout
149
The economic philosophy of European nations during the Age of Exploration was ___________.
Mercantilism
150
Who were instrumental pioneers in starting the Protestant Reformation in 16th century Europe?
John Calvin, Henry VIII, and Martin Luther
151
In 16th century Peru, the Incan civilization was overcome by Spanish Conquistador forces under the command of __________.
Francisco Pizarro
152
Who came up with the vision of "City on a Hill"?
John Winthrop
153
Who married Pocahontas?
John Rolfe
