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U.S. History CC > S1 EXAM REVIEW > Flashcards

S1 EXAM REVIEW Flashcards

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1
Q

Chief northern negotiator in creating the compromise of 1850

A

Daniel Webster

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2
Q

President who proposed to acquire Texas, Oregon, and California if elected

A

James K. Polk

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3
Q

President under whom the Ostend Manifesto was drafted

A

Franklin Pierce

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4
Q

Man who became President after Zachary Taylor’s death

A

Millard Fillmore

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5
Q

The 1840 WHIG nominee for President

A

W. H. Harrison

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6
Q

The 1848 DEMOCRAT nominee for President

A

Lewis Cass

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7
Q

President who refused to cooperate with his fellow Whig colleagues in Congress

A

John Tyler

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8
Q

The 1848 WHIG nominee for President

A

Zachary Taylor

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9
Q

Chief architect of the Kanas-Nebraska Act

A

Stephen A. Douglass

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10
Q

President who was heavily criticized and blamed for the economic Panic of 1837

A

Martin Van Buren

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11
Q

Prior to the Mexican-American War, what did Texas and U.S. officials recognize as the rightful border between Texas and MEXICO?

A

The Rio Grande River

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12
Q

Prior to the Mexican-American War, what did Texas and U.S. officials recognize as the rightful border between Texas and the rest of the U.S.?

A

The Nueces River

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13
Q

Who was the chief commander of American forces at the Battle of Vera Cruz?

A

Winfield Scott

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14
Q

Which President was responsible for the annexation of Texas?

A

John Tyler

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15
Q

Free Soil Party supporters would have likely supported all of the following EXCEPT:

a) The abolition of slavery
b) The Wilmot Proviso
c) Opening western territories up for free labor
d) Opening western territories up for popular sovereignty

A

D: Opening western territories up for popular sovereignty

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16
Q

The Osten Manifesto was drafted for what purpose?

A

To provide legal justification for taking Cuba from Spain in the even that Spain refused to sell Cuba

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17
Q

Which man was sent by American officials to buy a valuable piece of Mexican territory so that a transcontinental railroad could be built across the southern part of the United States?

A

James Gadsden

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18
Q

Queen Victoria of Great Britain was said to have shed tears after reading what literary work?

A

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

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19
Q

How did the phrase ‘Bleeding Kansas’ become so prominent in the 1850’s?

A

Because after the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed, pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the territory fought over whether Kansas would become a slave or free state.

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20
Q

The famous campaign slogan, “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” referenced what political team running for President and Vice President?

A

William Henry Harrison and John Tyler. It was meant to draw attention to WHH’s military reputation, divert people’s attention from potentially serious political issues, and to draw whig support from slaveholders in the South.

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21
Q

1849 was an important year in American history because of what great event?

A

The California Gold Rush

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22
Q

John Humphrey Noyes’ attempt to create a utopian society

A

Oneida Community

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23
Q

Man responsible for laying the first successful transatlantic telegraph line

A

Cyrus Field

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24
Q

Led a Texan revolt against Mexican authorities over Mexico’s ban on slavery

A

William Barrett Travis

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25
Q

Inventor of the mechanical reaper

A

Cyrus McCormick

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26
Q

Reform movement based on eliminating the consumption of alcoholic beverages

A

Temperance Movement

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27
Q

Man responsible for the 19th century emergence of the steamboat

A

Robert Fulton

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28
Q

Religious doctrine that emphasizes rationalism (reason over revelation)

A

Deism

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29
Q

Legendary American hero who fled to Texas after being exposed in a forgery scheme

A

Jim Bowie

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30
Q

Organized a failed slave revolt in 1800 near Richmond, Virginia

A

Gabriel Prosser

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31
Q

Religious doctrine associated with the 2nd coming of Jesus Christ

A

Adventism

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32
Q

Invented the cotton gin in 1793

A

Eli Whitney

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33
Q

Reform movement based on self-reflection, self-reliance, and returning to nature

A

Transcendentalism

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34
Q

Legendary Tennessean who went to Texas after not getting reelected to Congress

A

Davy Crockett

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35
Q

British abolitionist who inspired the American anti-slavery movement

A

William Wilberforce

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36
Q

American abolitionist and editor of ‘The Liberator.’

A

William Lloyd Garrison

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37
Q

Led Mexican forces against the Texans at the Battle of the Alamo

A

Santa Anna

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38
Q

The Impresario System sought to do what?

A

Recruit new, industrious immigrants to Texas and to convert immigrants into official Mexican Citizens. It was an immigration system to try to get better immigrants into Mexico.

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39
Q

After a long westward journey from New York, Mormons eventually settled where?

A

Utah

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40
Q

What is Filibustering?

A

Filibusters are armed individual U.S. citizens (not official military) who went into Mexico to try to secretly and unofficially take Texas from Mexico.

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41
Q

All of the following men were active religious leaders during the period of the 2nd Great Awakening EXCEPT:

a) Jonathan Edwards
b) Joseph Smith
c) Charles Grandison Finney
d) Peter Cartwright

A

A: Jonathan Edwards (he was part of the FIRST great awakening, not the second.)

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42
Q

Which man was influential in promotin 19th century educational reform in America and was referred to as the ‘Father of Modern Education’?

A

Horace Mann

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43
Q

The Nat Turner rebellion occurred where?

A

Southampton County, VA

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44
Q

John Jacob Astor became very wealthy during the age of the Market Revolution through his involvement in what type of business?

A

Fur-trading and western land speculation

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45
Q

Duncan Phyfe produced what?

A

Furniture

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46
Q

What is the term used to describe how many southern planters rationalized and interpreted the nature of their relationships with their slaves?

A

Paternalism

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47
Q

Who issued the ‘Declaration of Sentiments’ at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention?

A

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

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48
Q

What famous military leader and statesman successfully led Texans to their independence at the Battle of San Jacinto?

A

Sam Houston

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49
Q

After the American Revolution, many Virginia planters began to grow less tobacco and more ______.

A

Wheat

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50
Q

American Group which adamantly opposed the War of 1812

A

Federalists

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51
Q

Supreme Court case that affirmed federal regulation of interstate commerce

A

Gibbons vs. Ogden

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52
Q

President who led the U.S. during the Era of Good Feelings

A

James Monroe

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53
Q

Supreme Court case that established the precedent of judicial review

A

Marbury vs. Madison

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54
Q

President who signed the commissions of numerous ‘midnight judges’

A

John Adams

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55
Q

President who negotiated the “Corrupt Bargain” prior to his election

A

John Quincy Adams

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56
Q

American group which enthusiastically supported the War of 1812

A

WarHawks

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57
Q

Supreme Court case involving the Second Bank of the United States

A

McCullough vs. Maryland

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58
Q

Aided Lewis and Clark during their expedition

A

Sacajawea

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59
Q

Chief architect and promoter of the ‘American System’

A

Henry Clay

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60
Q

Famous American author who wrote “The Last of the Mohicans”

A

James Fenimore Cooper

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61
Q

President responsible for implementing the Indian Removal Act

A

Andrew Jackson

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62
Q

Declared the federal tariffs of 1828 and 1832 to be null and void

A

John C. Calhoun

63
Q

President of the Bank of the United States during Jackson’s Presidency

A

Nicholas Biddle

64
Q

Famous American author who wrote “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”

A

Washington Irving

65
Q

President who negotiated the Louisiana Purchase

A

Thomas Jefferson

66
Q

True or False: The Hartford Convention took place during the Era of Good Feelings

A

False

67
Q

True or False: The Missouri Compromise took place during the Era of Good Feelings

A

True

68
Q

America acquired the Louisiana territory from which country?

A

France

69
Q

True or False: Andrew Jackson threatened to Kill Alexander Hamilton in a duel

A

False, it was Aaron Burr

70
Q

The slave revolt that Toussaint L’Overture led in Santo Domingo had an indirect, yet critical effect in bringing about which of the following?

A

The Louisiana Purchase

71
Q

The Bonus Bill proposed to do what?

A

Connect America’s east and west coasts through a system of roads

72
Q

What event inspired Francis Scott Key to write “The Star Spangled Banner?”

A

The Battle at Fort McHenry

73
Q

The Missouri Compromise tried to satisfy both sides of the slavery argument by doing what?

A

Admitting one free state and one slave state into the union

74
Q

What did the ‘American System’ plan include?

A

Protective tariffs, federal funding for domestic infrastructural improvements, and rechartering the Bank of the United States

75
Q

What caused the death of the federalist party?

A

The War of 1812 and the Hartford Convention

76
Q

Gave the U.S. a part of Florida and navigation rights on the Mississippi River

A

Pinckney’s Treaty

77
Q

Constitutional provision cited to justify Hamilton’s financial plan

A

Elastic Clause

78
Q

First Vice President of the united States

A

John Adams

79
Q

Constitutional provision cited to oppose Hamilton’s financial plan

A

10th Amendment

80
Q

Famous Anti-Federalist who advocated for a Bill of Rights

A

George Mason

81
Q

1791 Pennsylvania Rebellion concerning taxation

A

Whiskey Rebellion

82
Q

Famous Federalist and ‘Father of the Constitution’

A

James Madison

83
Q

First U.S. Secretary of State

A

Thomas Jefferson

84
Q

Normalized military and economic relations between the U.S. and England

A

Jay Treaty

85
Q

1786 Massachusetts rebellion concerning a dispute over debts

A

Shays’ Rebellion

86
Q

Proposed to replace the Articles of Confederation with a centralized republic

A

Virginia Plan

87
Q

First U.S. Secretary of the Treasury

A

Alexander Hamilton

88
Q

Proposed to make only moderate changes to the Articles of Confederation

A

New Jersey Plan

89
Q

First U.S. Secretary of War

A

Henry Knox

90
Q

The Virginia Declaration of Rights and the Virginia Statutes for Religious Freedom were the basis for ___________.

A

The Bill of Rights

91
Q

Who wrote the Virginia Statutes for Religious Freedom?

A

Thomas Jefferson

92
Q

What did the Three-Fifths Clause do?

A

Counted individual slaves as three-fifths of a person for congressional representational purposes

93
Q

Which Miami Indian leader was defeated by Anthony Wayne’s American forces at the Battle of Fallen Timbers?

A

Little Turtle

94
Q

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were written in direct response to what?

A

The Alien and Sedition Acts

95
Q

How did Alexander Hamilton propose to produce a steady revenue stream for the U.S.?

A

Tariffs on imported goods and excise taxes on domestic goods

96
Q

The French Enlightenment philosopher Montesquieu is most renowned for writing about what?

A

The Separation of Powers

97
Q

The Presidential legacy of John Adams was heavily tarnished due to the way he handled what?

A

The XYZ Affair

98
Q

The famous Virginia revolutionary who refused to attend the Constitutional Convention because he ‘smelled a rat’

A

Patrick Henry

99
Q

The term ‘Legislative Licentiousness’ was used to describe what?

A

The allegedly selfish obsessions of newly elected, inexperienced delegates in state legislatures following the American Revolution

100
Q

What were some weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

A

No executive branch; no judicial branch; no power to tax by congress; no common currency

101
Q

What was the Great Compromise?

A

A compromise to reach a middle ground between the two sides who were fighting over the constitution. One side wanted a strong central government and one side wanted strong stated governments.

102
Q

American Patriot leader of the Sons of Liberty

A

Samuel Adams

103
Q

French diplomat whose ‘assassination’ cause the French & Indian War

A

Jumonville

104
Q

Battle remembered for ‘the shot heard around the world’

A

Lexington-Concord

105
Q

Battle which helped America forge an alliance with France

A

Saratoga

106
Q

French commander who assisted the Continental Army in 1781

A

Rochambeau

107
Q

Mohawk commander who allied with the British during the Revolution

A

Joseph Brandt

108
Q

Altered the British military strategy during the French & Indian War

A

William Pitt

109
Q

Scots-Irish colonists who attacked Pennsylvania Indians in 1763

A

Paxton Boys

110
Q

American Hero at the Battle of Saratoga

A

Benedict Arnold

111
Q

American Hero of the Southern Campaigns

A

Nathaniel Greene

112
Q

Served as a watchdog agency for enforcing boycotts of British goods

A

Continental Association

113
Q

Formulated England’s plan to tax colonists after the French & Indian War

A

George Grenville

114
Q

American patriot who negotiated the American-French alliance

A

Benjamin Franklin

115
Q

British cavalry officer who was defeated at the Battle of Cowpens

A

Banastre Tarleton

116
Q

Kept colonists connected and up-to-date on efforts to boycott British goods

A

Committees of Correspondence

117
Q

Colonists who rebelled against North Carolina’s royal governor in 1765

A

Regulators

118
Q

The Declaration of Independence was written by __________.

A

Thomas Jefferson

119
Q

The Intolerable Acts did what?

A

Shut down the port of Boston and put Boston under British military rule

120
Q

In 1763, which famous Indian leader led a pan-Indian revolt against the British?

A

Pontiac

121
Q

George Rogers Clark was an American officer in the American Revolution who primarily fought in which theatre battle?

A

The Western Frontier Theatre

122
Q

True or False: The Paxton Boys were organized by colonists to actively oppose and/or diplomatically protest British taxation policies in the North American colonies

A

False; they attacked Pennsylvania Indians

123
Q

The British General that George Washington surprised and trapped at Yorktown, VA in 1781

A

Charles Cornwallis

124
Q

Jonathan Edwards was ______________.

A

A minister during the first Great Awakening

125
Q

The Proclamation of 1763 was heavily opposed by which of the following people?

A

American stockholders of the Ohio Company

126
Q

What was Fort Necessity?

A

The makeshift frontier fort that George Washington surrendered to the French in 1754

127
Q

What was the Proclamation of 1763?

A

It said that no one was allowed to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains. They did not want people to disturb the Indians or spend money for expeditions.

128
Q

When did George Washington and his troops attack the Germans at the Battle of Trenton?

A

Christmas Eve- when the Germans were passed out drunk.

129
Q

Who said that people are entitled to “life, liberty, and estate?”

A

John Locke

130
Q

Who attempted to take Fort Desquesne?

A

Edward Braddock

131
Q

Founder of Rhode Island

A

Roger Williams

132
Q

Which territory was settled as a business venture?

A

Virginia

133
Q

King Phillip was also known as _________.

A

Metacomet

134
Q

Religious dissenter associated with antinomianism

A

Ann Hutchinson

135
Q

Religious leader associated with predestination

A

John Calvin

136
Q

Leader of the 1644 Powhatan Revolt

A

Opechancenough

137
Q

English overseer of “The Lost Colony”

A

Sir Walter Raleigh

138
Q

Founder of Georgia

A

James Oglethorpe

139
Q

Slave labor system on South Carolina rice plantations

A

Task System

140
Q

Slave labor system on Chesapeake tobacco plantations

A

Gang System

141
Q

English pirate known as “The Sea Dog”

A

Sir Francis Drake

142
Q

Where was the first successful British colony in North America?

A

Jamestown

143
Q

The system by which Chesapeake tobacco planters were granted 50 acres for every new settler they brought into their colonies

A

The Headright System

144
Q

The British colony that earned the reputation for being ‘the best poor man’s country’

A

Pennsylvania

145
Q

By the end of the 17th century, the ratio of African slaves to European whites was 4:1 in which colonies?

A

The Caribbean Colonies

146
Q

What were the cash crops grown by white British settlers in the Chesapeake AND Southern colonies?

A

Tobacco, rice, and indigo

147
Q

The Indian Confederacy that the Pilgrims first encountered at Plymouth in 1620 was _________.

A

The Wampanoag Confederacy

148
Q

The ‘call and response’ component of African-American gospel music can be traced back to _______.

A

Ringshout

149
Q

The economic philosophy of European nations during the Age of Exploration was ___________.

A

Mercantilism

150
Q

Who were instrumental pioneers in starting the Protestant Reformation in 16th century Europe?

A

John Calvin, Henry VIII, and Martin Luther

151
Q

In 16th century Peru, the Incan civilization was overcome by Spanish Conquistador forces under the command of __________.

A

Francisco Pizarro

152
Q

Who came up with the vision of “City on a Hill”?

A

John Winthrop

153
Q

Who married Pocahontas?

A

John Rolfe

U.S. History CC (5 decks)

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