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Government CC > S1 Exam > Flashcards

S1 Exam Flashcards

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0
Q

Claimed that all men are corrupted by society at birth

A

Jean J. Rousseau

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1
Q

Virginian known as the “Father of the Constitution”

A

James Madison

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2
Q

Advocated for a government that protects life, liberty and estate

A

John Locke

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3
Q

Admired for their political experiments with direct democracy

A

Athenians

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4
Q

Claimed that all men are inherently bad and self-interested

A

Thomas Hobbes

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5
Q

Admired for their experiments with with representative government

A

Romans

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6
Q

Advocated for a government with separation of powers

A

Montesquieu

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7
Q

Virginian who wrote Virginia declaration of rights

A

George Mason

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8
Q

Constitutional provision that incorrectly addressed slavery

A

3/5 clause

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9
Q

Constitutional provision that Anti-Federalists urged for

A

Bill of rights

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10
Q

Over the last century, numerous revisionist and/or “Neo-progressive” scholars have described the founders of the U.S. Constitution Constitution as….

A

A) A financially motivated few who sought to personally profit from creating a new constitutional form of government
B) social elitists who wish to assert greater political control over the licentious “lower orders of society”
C) an inperfect group who is interested in preserving slavery and/or a strict social hierarchy who are inconsistent with their emphasis on preserving and protecting liberty

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11
Q

According to Aristotle, what three legitimate forms of government were always susceptible to perversion?

A

Monarchy, aristocracy, and polity

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12
Q

What does the acronym I S I L stand for?

A

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

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13
Q

In the 1790s, shortly after the Constitution was ratified an adopted, one elected official in Congress represented roughly how many constituents?

A

30,000

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14
Q

The enlightenment thinker who believed that humans should surrender their individual rights to a central government authority when entering into the social contract was…

A

Thomas Hobbes

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15
Q

Former Virginia Gov. Bob McDonnell and his wife Maureen were recently put on trial and convicted on numerous charges due to which of the following?

A

Their acceptance of inappropriate financial gifts from the CEO of the Virginia business

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16
Q

Which minority group in American society is presently on pace to soon surpass African-Americans as the most populous American minority group?

A

Latinos

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17
Q

Within the ongoing cultural debate over what particular values believes and/or character traits are truly “American,” all of the following represent rather tense sources of identity conflict and or controversy

A

Militarism, equality, religion

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18
Q

In ‘An Economic Interpretation of the U.S. Consitution,’ Charles Beard argued that many of the founding fathers stood ready to personally profit from the ratification of the Constitution, mainly due to what?

A

A desire that many of the founders had in redeeming cheaply purchased war bonds with newly issued and more stable American currency

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19
Q

An active federal government that supports programs for disadvantaged and/or underprivileged groups in America is most consistent with what political ideology?

A

Liberalism

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20
Q

Name problems of the American Social Security system

A
  • baby boomed too large, won’t have enough money for futre retirees
  • suspected ponzie scheme
  • money being used for other things (funnel rather than holding place)
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21
Q

How do ‘power, authority, and legitimacy’ relate to Aristotle’s typology?

A

Since each of the forms of government outlined in Aristotle’s typology are subject to perversion, America tried to stop the perversion by creating a ‘power, authority, and legitimacy’ cycle that provided checks and balances for each branch of government.

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22
Q

How have demographics changed political campaigns?

A

Political candidates try to angle their campaigns towards specific demographic groups

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23
Q

Guarantees the right to an impartial jury trial in civil cases

A

7th Amendment

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24
Q

Bars illegally obtained evidence from being admitted in court

A

Exclusionary Rule

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25
Q

Amendment that sparks debate over ‘unreasonable’ criminal profiling

A

4th Amendment

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26
Q

Landmark Supreme Court case concerning the protection of civil rights

A

Brown vs. Board of Education

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27
Q

Rights to protect certain individuals and/or groups from discrimination

A

Civil Rights

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28
Q

Democratic candidate in Virginia’s current race for U.S. Senate

A

Mark Warner

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29
Q

Guarantees the right to an impartial jury trial in criminal cases

A

6th Amendment

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30
Q

Prevents a defendant from being tried twice for the same offense

A

Double Jeopardy Clause

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31
Q

Republican candidate in Virginia’s current race for the U.S. Senate

A

Ed Gillespie

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32
Q

Rights that prevent the government from unfairly regulating citizens’ actions

A

Civil Liberties

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33
Q

Amendment that sparks debate over the death penalty

A

8th Amendment

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34
Q

Landmark Supreme Court case concerning the protection of civil liberties

A

Miranda vs. Arizona

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35
Q

A persons right to remain silent is addressed in what amendment?

A

None

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36
Q

What’s US Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of ‘separate but equal?’

A

Plessy vs. Ferguson

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37
Q

What was mandated by the 1964 Civil Rights Act?

A
  • The desegregation of public places
  • The end of discriminatory practices on the basis of race, religion and sex etc.
  • The mandatory compliance of state governments in enforcing the Civil Rights Act
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38
Q

Outside of African Americans which groups have also advocated for recognition of civil rights since the 1960s?

A

Americans with disabilities, Native Americans, Homosexuals

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39
Q

Who were candidates in a Virginia race for Eric Cantor’s former seat in the US House of Representatives?

A

James Carr, Jack Trammell, Dave Brat

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40
Q

What sums up President Obama’s current stance on affirmative action?

A

Affirmative action should not and will not expire anytime soon

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41
Q

Why did the federal government create the EEOC?

A

To police and regulate discrimination in the workplace

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42
Q

Without a warrant or consent the police can search…

A
  • Things in immediate control of the accused
  • Things in plain view of the accused
  • Resonably suspicious individuals at the scene of a crime
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43
Q

What does the 9th amendment cover and how has it affected Americans understanding of civil liberties?

A

The 9th amendment states that just because there are civil rights and liberties outlined in the Constitution that doesn’t mean there aren’t more that aren’t explicitly listed. This gives people the freedom to exercise any rights they feel they have, even if they aren’t stated directly in the constitution.

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44
Q

Who were the two latino lawyers that worked on the class apart case?

A

Garcia and Cadena

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45
Q

What exactly did the US Supreme Court case of Gideon vs. Wainwright concern?

A

And man named Gideon, who was accused of stealing, could not afford an attorney but the court system was going to put him on trial anyways. Gideon wrote a letter to the Supreme Court stating that the 6th amendment gives citizens the right to counsel. Now, an attorney will always be appointed to an accused if the accused cannot afford their own defense.

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46
Q

What do Dave Brat and Jack Trammell have in common?

A

They’re both professors at Randolph-Macon College

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47
Q

What rumor is Robert Sarvis presently having to refute in the Virginia press?

A

A rumor that his third-party candidacy is being funded by Democrats you want to take potential votes away from Republicans

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48
Q

What has Mark Warner recently accused Ed Gillespie of?

A

Lobbying for the fraudulent Enron Corporation

49
Q

Who was recently given the award for telling the biggest lie of 2013?

A

Barack Obama

50
Q

Which pair of candidates represent the Libertarian party in Virginia’s current Congressional and Senate races respectively?

A

James Carr and Robert Sarvis

51
Q

The federalism concept supported by Roger B. Taney

A

Dual Federalism

52
Q

President who formulated “The Great Society” program

A

Lyndon B. Johnson

53
Q

President who endorsed the Espionage Act

A

Woodrow Wilson

54
Q

Supreme Court case that addressed federal oversight of interstate commerce

A

Gibbons vs. Ogden

55
Q

Supreme Court case that established the concept of judicial review

A

Marbury vs. Madison

56
Q

The federalism concept that was initiated and supported by FDR

A

Cooperative Federalism

57
Q

President whose use of federal block grants fueled the ‘devolution revolution’

A

Ronald Reagan

58
Q

Supreme Court case in which the Bill of Rights was not made applicable to the states

A

Barron vs. Baltimore

59
Q

Recognizes a separation between church and state

A

Establishment Clause

60
Q

Protect one’s ability to worship whoever and however they want (within reason)

A

Free Exercise Clause

61
Q

Supreme Court case which addressed the bank of the US’s federal legitimacy

A

McCulloch vs. Maryland

62
Q

President who suspended the writ of Habeas Corpus

A

Abraham Lincoln

63
Q

According to Article 1 of the US Constitution, what are some enumerated powers of the central government?

A
  • The power to provide and maintain a Navy
  • The power to coin money
  • The power to declare war

NOT: The power to tax state exports

64
Q

From which part of the Constitution do states derive the majority of their powers

A

The 10th Amendment

65
Q

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were written in response to which of the following?

A

The Alien and Sedetion Acts

66
Q

The 17th Amendment deals with what?

A

The direct election of US officials

67
Q

Largely due to the political fallout that accompanied the US Supreme Court decision in Roe vs. Wade, which of the following amendments soon failed to gain ratification?

A

The Equal Rights Amendment

68
Q

Recent debates in America over the rise in mass shootings and the need for greater gun-control focus on the rights guaranteed to citizens by which amendment?

A

The 2nd Amendment

69
Q

Theoretically, the central government always wields ultimate power over the states in what government system?

A

A Unitary System

70
Q

According to the first amendment, what are currently protected forms of free speech?

A
  • waiving a Communist flag
  • hate speech
  • criticizing the government
71
Q

Why does the American court system have such a hard time holding citizens accountable for constitutionally unproductive forms of speech like libel, slander, and of obscenity?

A

It is hard to obtain hard evidence

72
Q

Why is the US Constitution considered to be a living, breathing document?

A

Because it can change over time

73
Q

Current Speaker of the House

A

John Boehner (Republican)

74
Q

Current House Majority Leader

A

Kevin McCarthy (Republican)

75
Q

Current House Minority Leader

A

Nancy Pelosi (Democrat)

76
Q

Virginia’s Representatives in the U.S. Senate

A

Mark Warner and Tim Kaine

77
Q

Virginia’s Local Representatives in the US House of Representatives

A

Dave Brat (R), Randy Forbes (R), Bobby Scott (D)

78
Q

Current President Pro-Tempore of the U.S. Senate

A

Patrick Leahy (Democrat)

79
Q

Senate Majority leader

A

Harry Reid (Democrat)

80
Q

Senate Minority Leader

A

Mitch McConnell (Republican)

81
Q

Current Secretary of the Treasury

A

Jack Lew

82
Q

Current US Attorney General

A

Eric Holder

83
Q

Current Secretary of State

A

John Kerry

84
Q

Current Secretary of Defense

A

Chuck Hagel

85
Q

What are some enumerated powers of the President of United States?

A

Pardoning power, appointment power, treaty-making power

NOT: executive decision-making power

86
Q

When Congressional representatives vote entirely in accordance with the needs and demands of his or her home constituents, they assume what type of role?

A

A delegate role

87
Q

True or false: Tim Kaine and Mark Warner were both former Virginia governors

A

True

88
Q

What Congressional committee reconciles similar versions of House and Senate bills?

A

Conference Committees

89
Q

A 30-year-old, natural born citizen of the United States, who has lived continuously in his or her home state for his or her entire life qualifies to serve in which political positions?

A

Any office except the US Presidency

90
Q

What president first established the Executive Office of the Presidency (EOP)?

A

FDR

91
Q

From what part of the Constitution does the US Supreme Court derive the power to exercise judicial review?

A

None; it’s not in the Constitution

92
Q

Cloture vote is necessary to override what?

A

A filibuster, and it must be unanimous

93
Q

True or false: the US Supreme Court has original jurisdiction

A

True; it has both original and appealate jurisdiction

94
Q

Who is Grover Norquist?

A

Grover Norquist is a lobbyist for Americans for Tax Reform. He gets Republican Congressman to sign binding agreements that prevent them from signing anything that will raise taxes in any way, shape, or form.

95
Q

What is the executive power clause?

A

The executive power clause simply states that the executive power of the US government lies with the President of United States.

96
Q

What are PACs?

A

Political Action Committees; they can indirectly fund political candidate’s campaigns.

97
Q

How many votes does Virginia get in the electoral college?

A

13

98
Q

According to a White House spokesperson, what three particular issues was Obama adamant about getting Congress to address during his presidency through comprehensive, bipartisan efforts?

A

Immigration, Climate Control, and Healthcare

99
Q

Who does President Obama specifically identify as responsible for stonewalling his immigration reform efforts?

A

House Republicans

100
Q

What is President Obama’s community college plan?

A

To provide ‘free’ community college education for two years to any student who is willing to work part-time and maintain a good GPA.

101
Q

What is the Associated Press?

A

And international group of media workers to freely share information and news

102
Q

Which newspaper was originally funded by Federalists?

A

The Gazette of the United States

103
Q

Which newspaper was originally founded by Democratic-Republicans?

A

The National Gazette

104
Q

What type of media was only focused on making money and headlines?

A

Yellow Journalism

105
Q

Who are the two most famous yellow journalists?

A

William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer

106
Q

What type of journalists stemmed from criticism of yellow journalism?

A

Muckrakers

107
Q

What were muckrakers’ response pieces called?

A

Magazines-of-opinion

108
Q

What are muckrakers?

A

Investigative journalism to expose bad and scandalous information, usually involving scandals with politicians or big business

109
Q

What are the three current roles of the American News Media?

A
  • The Gatekeeper: deciding what’s important/relevant to tell people or make apparent
  • The Scorekeeper: keeps track of popular trends and importance of people in politics (especially candidates)
  • The Watchdog: watches out for any suspicions, corruption, or scandal and exposes it
110
Q

What is the FCC?

A

Federal Communications Commission; regulates radio, TV, satellite, and foreign communications within the US

111
Q

What are the five theories on who controls public policymaking?

A

1) Elitist Theory (few elites)
2) Pluralist Theory (multiple elites/groups/banches/people/etc- it’s a mix)
- –> Interest Group Theory
3) Marxist Theory (those who own mode or means of production/ those with money)
4) Beureaucratic Theory (those who carry out/execute/implement the policy)
5) Dr. Joyner’s Theory (a little bit of everything)

112
Q

Who are the two main people known for polling?

A

Gallup and Roper

113
Q

Who decided that masses needed to be controlled by elites and coined the term ‘stereotype?’

A

Walter Lippman

114
Q

What was FDR’s assessment of human beings?

A

FDR thought thought that people were rational, could be active in government and could make reasonable decisions

115
Q

It was a major setback for Bernay’s successful rise to prominence?

A

The stock market crash

116
Q

Who created the term public relations and why?

A

Edward Bernays; because he didn’t want to use the term ‘positive propaganda’ because the word propaganda had negative connotations.

117
Q

What kind of psychological conclusions did Sigmund Freud make about human beings?

A

He said that human beings had wants and desires that wouldn’t go away, and that people are instinctual and animalistic and need to be controlled and influenced.

118
Q

What were Democrats’ overall opinions of Obama’s community college plan?

A

They like the plan but they didn’t think it would get passed through Congress.

119
Q

What were Republicans’ overall opinions about Obama’s community college plan?

A

They don’t like the plan, and think it won’t help graduation rates. They think money should be rewarded to community colleges with higher graduation rates.

120
Q

We’re libertarians’ overall opinions of Obama’s community college plan?

A

They thought it was a ‘terrible idea.’

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