S1 - Data Collection

Question 1

What is qualitative data?

Answer 1

-Non-numerical data which describes

qualities, rather than measurements

Question 2

What is quantitative data?

Answer 2

-Data which is counted or measured,

giving a numerical value

Question 3

What is discrete data?

Answer 3

-Data which can be counted or takes

specific values

Question 4

What is continuous data?

Answer 4

-Data which can be measured on a scale

Question 5

What is raw data?

Answer 5

-Information which has not been

ordered or processed in any way

Question 6

What is primary data?

Answer 6

-Data collected by or for the person

who will be using it

Question 7

What is secondary data?

Answer 7

-Data from another source, perhaps

for a different reason

Question 8

What is an advantage to primary data?

Answer 8

-It is trustworthy. You know how and
by whom it was collected, and how
recent it is.

Question 9

What are two advantages to secondary data?

Answer 9

• Cheap

- Easy to obtain

Question 10

What are two disadvantages to secondary data?

Answer 10

• You don’t know who collected it

- Out of date

Question 11

What is an explanatory or

independent variable?

Answer 11

-The variable controlled in an

experiment

Question 12

What is a response or dependent

variable?

Answer 12

-A variable which results from an

experiment

Question 13

What are upper and lower bounds?

Answer 13

-Upper bound = largest possible
value
-Lower bound = lowest possible value

Question 14

During a survey, what is the

population?

Answer 14

-Everything or everybody taking part

in the survey

Question 15

What is a pilot survey?

Answer 15

-A small survey carried out to help
identify problems or limits before
doing a full survey

Question 16

Why are tally marks useful in recording data?

Answer 16

-Quicker to write than a word or
number
-Grouping into fives makes them
easier to process

Question 17

What are two methods of collecting data

for an opinion poll?

Answer 17

• Personal interviews
• Telephone surveys
• Postal surveys
• Shoppers surveys

Question 18

Explain the reason for a control

group in a statistical experiment.

Answer 18

-Gives a standard for comparison of

changes in the experimental group

Question 19

What is the difference between a

census and a sample?

Answer 19

-A census obtains information from
the whole population. A sample
obtains information from part of the
population.

Question 20

What is the difference between a

population and a sample?

Answer 20

-A population is the whole group you
wish to study. A sample is a smaller
representation of the whole
population.

Question 21

What is a sampling frame?

Answer 21

-All items in the population from

which a sample can be drawn

Question 22

Describe a simple random sampling method.

Answer 22

-Any method where each member of
the population has an equal chance
of being chosen:
-Draw names from a hat
-Assign each item a number and use
a random number generator

Question 23

What is the advantage of stratified

sampling?

Answer 23

-Ensures proportionate
representation of different groups
within the population

Question 24

Describe quota sampling.

Answer 24

-A sample is chosen based on given

specifications or instructions

Question 25

What is systematic sampling?

Answer 25

-All items in the population are listed
in a given order, then every nth item
from a random start point is chosen

Question 26

What is cluster sampling?

Answer 26

-The population is divided into
smaller groups, then one or more
groups is chosen

Question 27

What is a standard population?

Answer 27

-1000 people who represent the
whole population, found by stratified
sampling

Question 28

What conditions need to be true of the population when using capture-recapture sampling?

Answer 28

-Constant population when both
samples are taken
-The first marked sample must have
mixed well with the whole population