rxn pathways Flashcards

1
Q

alkanes to haloalkanes

A

halogen gas (eg Cl2) and heat/uv light

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2
Q

alkanes to alkenes

A

dehydrogenation or cracking
high temp req

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3
Q

alkenes to alkanes

A

H2(g) and metal catalyst (eg Ni)

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4
Q

alkenes to haloalkanes

A

hydrohalogen (eg HCl) and AlCl3
OR
Halogen gas (eg Cl2)

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5
Q

Alkenes to alcohols

A

H2O with H3PO4 and heat

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6
Q

Haloalkanes to alcohols

A

Substitute with base (eg NaOH)
under reflux or haloalkane dehydrogenase (enzyme)

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7
Q

Haloalkanes to Amines

A

NH3 with Ethanol solvent and heat

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8
Q

Alcohol to Amines

A

NH3 with Al2O3

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9
Q

Alcohols to aldehydes

A

1st degree alcohol only
oxidation with permanganate (MnO4(-)) or dichromate (Cr2O7(2-)) in an acidified environment

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10
Q

Alcohols to carboxylic acids

A

1st degree alcohol only
oxidation with permanganate (MnO4(-)) or dichromate (Cr2O7(2-)) in an acidified environment
note: goes through aldehydes so must happen twice

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11
Q

Alcohols to ketones

A

2nd degree alcohol only
oxidation with permanganate (MnO4(-)) or dichromate (Cr2O7(2-)) in an acidified environment

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12
Q

alcohols and carboxylic acids to esters

A

Condensation with H2SO4 catalyst and heat

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13
Q

Esters to alcohols and carboxylic acids

A

H2O in acidified environment

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14
Q

Amine with carboxylic acid to amide

A

condensation with heat

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15
Q

amide to carboxylic acid and amine

A

H2O

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