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Rx HERBALS Flashcards

1
Q

if a product is marketed as a ________ the manufacturer does not have to prove a product’s safety and effectiveness before marketing

A

dietary supplement

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2
Q

what are some natural products that INCREASE risk of bleeding

A
  1. Gingko (no effect on INR),
  2. Willow bark (increases INR),
  3. dong quai,
  4. garlic,
  5. ginseng,
  6. glucosamine,
  7. high doses of fish oil
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3
Q

what natural product may be hepatotoxic

A

kava, comfrey, black cohosh

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4
Q

this is based on “the law of similars” or the concept that “life is cured by like”

A

homeopathic products

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5
Q

what products can make health claim

A

medical foods (not FDA approved) and homeopathic products

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6
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat ANXIETY

A

valerian, chamomile tea, kava, lemon balm

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7
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat SLEEP

A

melatonin, valerian, chamomile tea, St john’s wort if insomnia is 2/2 depression

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8
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat ADHD

A

fish oil

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9
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat Apthous Ulcers (Canker sores)

A

lysine

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10
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat CANCER

A

black and green tea, garlic, soy, beta carotene, fish oil, Vit A and D

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11
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat COLON CANCER

A

calcium

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12
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat PROSTATE CANCER

A

lycopene (in cooked tomatoes)

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13
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat CHOLESTEROL

A

fish oils, red yeast rice, plant sterols/stanols

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14
Q

what is in red yeast rice

A

lovastatin

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15
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat DEPRESSION

A

st john’s wort, SAMe

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16
Q

what should you not use with SAMe

A

MAO-I

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17
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat colds and flu

A

elderberry, garlic, zinc, vitamin c, echinacea

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18
Q

what natural product should you not recommend due to the potential of Anosmia

A

Zicam (zinc nasal spray)

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19
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat DEMENTIA/MEMORY LOSS

A

gingko, vitamin E

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20
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat DIABETES

A

chromium, alpha lipoic acid, cinnamon, l-carnitine (neuropathy)

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21
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat Energy/Weight loss

A

guarana (caffeine), bitter orange (ephedra)

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22
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat UTI

A

cranberry juice (only the juice proven to work)

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23
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat GI distress

A

peppermint oil, chamomile tea

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24
Q

why should you not recommend Peppermint oil to patients with GERD

A

decreases LES pressure

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25
what are some natural products that can be used to treat IBD
cascara, senna (stimulant laxative) for constipation
26
what are some natural products that can be used to treat SKIN issues
aloe vera, tea tree oil
27
what are some natural products that can be used to treat prostate enlargement
saw palmetto
28
what are some natural products that can be used to treat osteoarthritis
glucosamine (may increase INR), chondroitin, SAMe
29
what are some natural products that can be used to treat OSTEOPOROSIS
soy, ipriflavone
30
what are some natural products that can be used to treat MOTION SICKNESS/NAUSEA
ginger, peppermint
31
what are some natural products that can be used to treat MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS
black cohosh (remifemin, may cause liver toxicity and GI upset), dong quai, evening primrose, red clover
32
what are some natural products that can be used to treat LIVER issues
milk thistle
33
what are some natural products that can be used to treat INFLAMMATION
fish oil, willow bark (a salicylate)
34
what are some natural products that can be used to treat HEART HEALTH/HEART FAILURE
grape seed extract (fights artherosclerosis), COQ10, fish oil, arginine (but not with beta blockers because it will increase their effect), garlic, hawthorne
35
what are some of the DDI of hawthorne
may cause hypotension and dizziness when given with beta blockers, digoxin, caclium channel blacokers, nitrates, and PDE5-Is
36
Vitamin B1 is
thiamine
37
what happens if a patient is deficient in thiamin
Wernicke's
38
what are some SSX of wernicke's
ataxia, confusion, tremor, vision changes
39
if Wernicke's is left untreated what develops
korsakoff psychosis (permanent mental changes)
40
B1 deficiency is common in
alcoholics
41
adequate calcium is critical at what stages of life
in children, pregnant women, menopause, anyone taking steroids or androgen blocking agents
42
what are the calcium recommendations for 14-18 years old
1300mg/day
43
what are the calcium recommendations for 19-50 years old
1000mg/day
44
what are the 2 forms of OTC calcium
citrate and carbonate
45
what form of calcium must be taken with food (pH dependent)
carbonate
46
what is the Vit D recommendation for \< 70 years
600 IU/day
47
what is the Vit D recommendation for 71+ years
800 IU/day
48
what is the recommended amount of folic acid for women
400-800 mcg/day
49
when should a woman be taking folic acid
1 month before pregnancy and first 2-3 months of pregnancy
50
what is the max amount of Vit E in a day
150 IU/day
51
if a baby is breastfed only how much Vit D do they need a day
400 IU
52
if a baby drinks \< 1 liter of formula a day how much Vit D do they need a day
400 IU
53
when do breast fed babies need iron supplementation
around 4-6 months
54
how much iron do breast fed babies need
1 mg/kg/day around 4-6 months of age and until consuming iron rich food
55
what are some natural products that can be used to treat migrain headaches
feverfew, magnesium, willow bark, fish oil, CoQ10
56
what is the recommended calcium intake for someone 50+
1200 mg/day
57
what dose of Vit D2 is common in patients with renal insufficiency or vit d deficiency
50,000 IU
58
caclium carbonate is what % elemental calcium by weight
40%
59
calcium citrate is what % elemental calium by weight
21%
60
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63
vitamin B3 is
niacin
64
vitamin B6 is
pyridoxine
65
vitamin B1 is
thiamine
66
vitamin B2 is
riboflavin
67
what vitamin must be given with Isoniazid and why
B6 to prevent neuropathy 2/2 B6 depletion
68
what natural product can result in birth control failures and graft rejections when used with oral contraceptives and anti rejection agents like tacrolimus
St john's wort
69
st john's wort induces or inhibits what enzymes
induces 3A4 \> 2C9 \> 1A2
70
what are some of the SE of SJW
photosensitivity, serotonergic
71
Metformin plays a role in causing deficiency of what vitamin
B12
72
insufficient folic acid intake may cause what birth defects
brain and spinal cord
73
Poly-Vi-Sol contains
Vit D
74
fish oil decreases
TG
75
plant stanols/sterols decrease
LDL
76
how much fish oil increases your risk of bleeding
\> 3 g a day
77
if a patient is on probiotics is it ok to take it on the same day you're taking your antibiotic
yes, take them at a different time in the day
78
what natural product would help with depression and pain
SAMe
79
estroven
black cohosh + soy
80
what natural product can decrease the seizure threshold
evening primrose
81
synephrine is contained in bitter orange and is a ephedra analog
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Rx HERBALS (5 decks)

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