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Rx HERBALS > Rx HERBALS > Flashcards

Rx HERBALS Flashcards

1
Q

if a product is marketed as a ________ the manufacturer does not have to prove a product’s safety and effectiveness before marketing

A

dietary supplement

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2
Q

what are some natural products that INCREASE risk of bleeding

A
  1. Gingko (no effect on INR),
  2. Willow bark (increases INR),
  3. dong quai,
  4. garlic,
  5. ginseng,
  6. glucosamine,
  7. high doses of fish oil
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3
Q

what natural product may be hepatotoxic

A

kava, comfrey, black cohosh

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4
Q

this is based on “the law of similars” or the concept that “life is cured by like”

A

homeopathic products

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5
Q

what products can make health claim

A

medical foods (not FDA approved) and homeopathic products

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6
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat ANXIETY

A

valerian, chamomile tea, kava, lemon balm

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7
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat SLEEP

A

melatonin, valerian, chamomile tea, St john’s wort if insomnia is 2/2 depression

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8
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat ADHD

A

fish oil

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9
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat Apthous Ulcers (Canker sores)

A

lysine

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10
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat CANCER

A

black and green tea, garlic, soy, beta carotene, fish oil, Vit A and D

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11
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat COLON CANCER

A

calcium

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12
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat PROSTATE CANCER

A

lycopene (in cooked tomatoes)

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13
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat CHOLESTEROL

A

fish oils, red yeast rice, plant sterols/stanols

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14
Q

what is in red yeast rice

A

lovastatin

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15
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat DEPRESSION

A

st john’s wort, SAMe

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16
Q

what should you not use with SAMe

A

MAO-I

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17
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat colds and flu

A

elderberry, garlic, zinc, vitamin c, echinacea

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18
Q

what natural product should you not recommend due to the potential of Anosmia

A

Zicam (zinc nasal spray)

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19
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat DEMENTIA/MEMORY LOSS

A

gingko, vitamin E

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20
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat DIABETES

A

chromium, alpha lipoic acid, cinnamon, l-carnitine (neuropathy)

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21
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat Energy/Weight loss

A

guarana (caffeine), bitter orange (ephedra)

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22
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat UTI

A

cranberry juice (only the juice proven to work)

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23
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat GI distress

A

peppermint oil, chamomile tea

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24
Q

why should you not recommend Peppermint oil to patients with GERD

A

decreases LES pressure

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25
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat IBD

A

cascara, senna (stimulant laxative) for constipation

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26
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat SKIN issues

A

aloe vera, tea tree oil

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27
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat prostate enlargement

A

saw palmetto

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28
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat osteoarthritis

A

glucosamine (may increase INR), chondroitin, SAMe

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29
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat OSTEOPOROSIS

A

soy, ipriflavone

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30
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat MOTION SICKNESS/NAUSEA

A

ginger, peppermint

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31
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS

A

black cohosh (remifemin, may cause liver toxicity and GI upset), dong quai, evening primrose, red clover

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32
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat LIVER issues

A

milk thistle

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33
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat INFLAMMATION

A

fish oil, willow bark (a salicylate)

34
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat HEART HEALTH/HEART FAILURE

A

grape seed extract (fights artherosclerosis), COQ10, fish oil, arginine (but not with beta blockers because it will increase their effect), garlic, hawthorne

35
Q

what are some of the DDI of hawthorne

A

may cause hypotension and dizziness when given with beta blockers, digoxin, caclium channel blacokers, nitrates, and PDE5-Is

36
Q

Vitamin B1 is

A

thiamine

37
Q

what happens if a patient is deficient in thiamin

A

Wernicke’s

38
Q

what are some SSX of wernicke’s

A

ataxia, confusion, tremor, vision changes

39
Q

if Wernicke’s is left untreated what develops

A

korsakoff psychosis (permanent mental changes)

40
Q

B1 deficiency is common in

A

alcoholics

41
Q

adequate calcium is critical at what stages of life

A

in children, pregnant women, menopause, anyone taking steroids or androgen blocking agents

42
Q

what are the calcium recommendations for 14-18 years old

A

1300mg/day

43
Q

what are the calcium recommendations for 19-50 years old

A

1000mg/day

44
Q

what are the 2 forms of OTC calcium

A

citrate and carbonate

45
Q

what form of calcium must be taken with food (pH dependent)

A

carbonate

46
Q

what is the Vit D recommendation for < 70 years

A

600 IU/day

47
Q

what is the Vit D recommendation for 71+ years

A

800 IU/day

48
Q

what is the recommended amount of folic acid for women

A

400-800 mcg/day

49
Q

when should a woman be taking folic acid

A

1 month before pregnancy and first 2-3 months of pregnancy

50
Q

what is the max amount of Vit E in a day

A

150 IU/day

51
Q

if a baby is breastfed only how much Vit D do they need a day

A

400 IU

52
Q

if a baby drinks < 1 liter of formula a day how much Vit D do they need a day

A

400 IU

53
Q

when do breast fed babies need iron supplementation

A

around 4-6 months

54
Q

how much iron do breast fed babies need

A

1 mg/kg/day around 4-6 months of age and until consuming iron rich food

55
Q

what are some natural products that can be used to treat migrain headaches

A

feverfew, magnesium, willow bark, fish oil, CoQ10

56
Q

what is the recommended calcium intake for someone 50+

A

1200 mg/day

57
Q

what dose of Vit D2 is common in patients with renal insufficiency or vit d deficiency

A

50,000 IU

58
Q

caclium carbonate is what % elemental calcium by weight

A

40%

59
Q

calcium citrate is what % elemental calium by weight

A

21%

60
Q

DELETE

A

DELETE

61
Q

DELETE

A

DELETE

62
Q

DELETE

A

DELETE

63
Q

vitamin B3 is

A

niacin

64
Q

vitamin B6 is

A

pyridoxine

65
Q

vitamin B1 is

A

thiamine

66
Q

vitamin B2 is

A

riboflavin

67
Q

what vitamin must be given with Isoniazid and why

A

B6 to prevent neuropathy 2/2 B6 depletion

68
Q

what natural product can result in birth control failures and graft rejections when used with oral contraceptives and anti rejection agents like tacrolimus

A

St john’s wort

69
Q

st john’s wort induces or inhibits what enzymes

A

induces 3A4 > 2C9 > 1A2

70
Q

what are some of the SE of SJW

A

photosensitivity, serotonergic

71
Q

Metformin plays a role in causing deficiency of what vitamin

A

B12

72
Q

insufficient folic acid intake may cause what birth defects

A

brain and spinal cord

73
Q

Poly-Vi-Sol contains

A

Vit D

74
Q

fish oil decreases

A

TG

75
Q

plant stanols/sterols decrease

A

LDL

76
Q

how much fish oil increases your risk of bleeding

A

> 3 g a day

77
Q

if a patient is on probiotics is it ok to take it on the same day you’re taking your antibiotic

A

yes, take them at a different time in the day

78
Q

what natural product would help with depression and pain

A

SAMe

79
Q

estroven

A

black cohosh + soy

80
Q

what natural product can decrease the seizure threshold

A

evening primrose

81
Q

synephrine is contained in bitter orange and is a ephedra analog

A

read

Rx HERBALS (5 decks)

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