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rwandan genocide > Rwandan Genocide > Flashcards

Rwandan Genocide Flashcards

1
Q

The poem that drove many Europeans to believe that colonialism was morally good.

A

The White Man’s Burden

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2
Q

This period created a massive demand for resources and raw materials, driving colonialism to unparalleled heights.

A

The Industrial Revolution

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3
Q

Opened in 1869, this geographic achievement shortened the trip to Asia

A

Suez Canal

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4
Q

Along with the potential to make money from resources, Colonialism was also driven by this reason…

A

Religion

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5
Q

Year in which this event (Berlin Conference) took place.

A

1884

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6
Q

The Jungle Book was written by this man following his colonial upbringing in India.

A

Rudyard Kipling

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7
Q

The first country to colonize Rwanda.

A

Germany

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8
Q

The 3 tribes that were living peacefully in Rwanda, prior to Europeans arriving.

A

Hutu, Tutsi, Twa

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9
Q

The second country to colonize Rwanda.

A

Belgium

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10
Q

This tribe was a minority group, making up approximately 15% of the Rwandan population prior to independence.

A

Tutsi

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11
Q

Rwanda was granted independence in this year.

A

1962

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12
Q

The Africa Cell was a post-colonial effort by this country to maintain influence and allies throughout the continent.

A

france

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13
Q

Following independence, this tribe seized power.

A

Hutu

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14
Q

Canadian General assigned to lead the UNAMIR peacekeeping forces.

A

Romeo Dallaire

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14
Q

Tutsis who fled to Uganda formed this military group and began preparing their comeback to re-take power.

A

Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)

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15
Q

The United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda was there primarily to oversee these “peaceful” negotiations.

A

Arusha Accords

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16
Q

President of Rwanda immediately preceding the genocide.

A

Juvenal Habyarimana

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17
Q

A plane crash on this date is considered the official start of the Rwandan Genocide.

A

April 6th, 1994.

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18
Q

The primary weapon used in the killings was…

A

Machetes

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19
Q

The primary method of indoctrination, propaganda, and death list distribution was…

A

Radio

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20
Q

Radio station which was the primary transmitter of instructions and death lists.

A

RTLM

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21
Q

As the RPF seized control of the country, France offered to do conduct a humanitarian mission that has been widely criticized. It was called:

A

Operation Turquoise

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22
Q

“Those who attack together” is the direct translation for this name, which Hutus gave their killing squads.

A

Interahamwe

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23
Q

When did the Rwandan Genocide end?

A

July 15th-19th, 1994

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24
Q

1 million Rwandans had been killed in this many days.

A

100

25
Q

System of trials utilized by Rwandans upon growing frustrated with United Nations attempts.

A

Gacaca Tribal Elder court/system

26
Q

General Romeo Dallaire’s book, Hollywood film, and documentary film name.

A

Shake Hands with the Devil

27
Q

Mr. W. will be upset if you watch this film.

A

Hotel Rwanda

28
Q

Former owner of a radio station and purchaser of many weapons who caused a worldwide manhunt lasting to 2020.

A

Felicien Kabuga

29
Q

Two Reasons of Colonization

A

Resources:
Gold, silver, furs, rubber, coffee and many more including slavery.
Religion:
The idea that indigenous people needed to be shown civility and faith

30
Q

Suez Canal: November 17th, 1869

A

A man made river, 200 km long, full of boats with shipping containers that transport products.
Gave easy access for European countries to enter Africa.

31
Q

What was the Berlin Conference 1884

A

European leaders had a conference to decide what part of Europe “owns” parts of Europe.
Ex. Germany takes etc for its resources

32
Q

What is The White Man’s Burden

A

A poem written by a man named Rudyard Kipling. The poem suggested a moral obligation of white people to venture abroad and bring “Christian values” to “savage peoples”

33
Q

Roles of the tribes

A

Tutsis - Victims, Hutus - Perpetrators, Twa - In-between

34
Q

Population of Rwanda in 1994

A

Tutsis enjoyed the highest status, Hutus were often enslaved and or/impoverished, Twa often caught between the two.

35
Q

Hutu Uprising:

A

“Hutu Peasant Revolution” killed hundreds of Tutsis and brought end to Tutsi status above.

36
Q

Rwandan Independence:

A

In 1962, many Tutsis fled as Hutus are now the overwhelming majority and colonial powers are gone.

37
Q

Tutsi Attacks:

A

Throughout the 1960s, the Tutsis who had fled made several attempts to retake power through violence. Rwandan Tutsis would be killed in retaliation.

38
Q

Rwandan Independence
1960s-1980s, under Hutu control.
Rwanda struggled:

A

High fertility rate
Low economic output
Corruption
Food shortages

39
Q

The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) was led by:

A

Paul Kagame in Uganda.

40
Q

Why were young children easy to recruit into armed forces

A

Young children were angry and living in a state of hopelessness, they had no jobs and had nothing to do

41
Q

Arusha Accords: What was it

A

The UN sends in military personnel and diplomat politicians (create a conference) to try to bring the civil war to an end.

42
Q

Arusha Accords: Who did what

A

At the conference (Arusha Accords) Rwanda was represented by President Juvenal Habyarimana

43
Q

Arusha Accords: Who led the UN peacekeepers`

A

Canadian General Romeo Dallaire.

44
Q

President Juvenal Habyarimana

A

He was a “moderate (middleground) Hutu”. He wanted for Rwanda to have the Hutu majority be in control, but the Tutsi minority would be safe, heard, and respected.

45
Q

Moderate Hutus:

A

Want 85% Hutus 14% Tutsis 1% Twa

46
Q

Extremist Hutu:

A

100% Hutus

47
Q

Tutsis:

A

Just want full control, run the country

48
Q

The importance of RADIO

A

The RTLM broadcast became a tool for dehumanization, propaganda, and genocidal instruction.

49
Q

Denial: USA

A

America had zero interest in getting involved due to their failure with Operation Restore Hope in Somalia during 1992-1993. President Clinton’s staff worked very hard to have “reasons” for inaction.
After the genocide, USA initiated Operation Support Hope to aid in recovery.

50
Q

Denial: UN

A

Legal Statement: “Rwanda is a failed state with violent tribal history. UNAMIR is not morally or legally responsible.

51
Q

What is UNAMIR

A

United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda

52
Q

What brought up Operation Turquoise:

A

The RPF was winning. They were trained, equipped and had a single focus of the Civil War. Hutus were focused more on Genocide. France then offers the UN a solution.

53
Q

When and what was Operation Turquoise

A

June 22nd, 1994: The UN agreed to allow France to take on a “humanitarian mission” to bring the violence to an end. France had ulterior motives.

54
Q

What happened during Operation Turquoise

A

Hutus were welcomed into refugee camps
RTLM was relocated into the zone
Hutu leadership was prioritized for escort into neighboring Zaire (now Congo)
France continued to support Hutu government as the recognized voice in the United Nations
French troops fought against the RPF

55
Q

After the genocide

A

War: Democratic Republic Congo (Congo) vs Rwanda
Hutus continue to train, recruit and attack
Thousands die in refugee camps
War crimes are regularly committed by both sides.
The nations remain in conflict today.
RPF pushed into Congo to kill fleeing Hutus.

56
Q

Rwanda + France Today:

A

2006 - France conducts an inquiry and declares the RPF leader, and Rwandan President, Paul Kagame gave the order to shoot down Habyarimana’s plane
2007 - Rwanda openly criticizes France’s role in supporting genocidaires. Rwanda switches to english.

57
Q

The Church:

A

Thousands killed in churches. 200 priests were killed (tutsis, moderate Hutus). Catholic churches hid priests and clergy who were perpetrators.
2017, Pope Francis issued a formal apology.

58
Q

Justice: UN

A

2004-2016 - 10 years after the Genocide finished Success: 22 of 28 convicted.
$1 Billion in judges, lawyer and major inmate expenses.

59
Q

Justice: Rwanda - Gacaca

A

Success - 1.2 million convicted, many receiving restorative justice.
Some survivors pressed to “forgive” lesser sentences for their attackers
Lack of physical evidence and due process

60
Q

Impact today

A

¾ of Tutsis murdered
100 000 children without parent
About > 30% today have PTSD

rwandan genocide (1 decks)

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