russification under Alexander III Flashcards
alexander III and his ministers in particular who engaged in a policy of what?
-in particular Pobedonostev engaged in a policy of ‘cultural russification’
what did cultural Russification sought to do?
sought to merge all the Tsar’s subjects into a single nation with a feeling of shared identity
destruction of non-russian national cultures was particularly marked in?
Poland and Finland
In Finland what was reorganized in 1892?
the diet(parliament) in order to weaken its political influence
what was increasingly demanded?
The use of the Russian language was increasingly demanded
what was abolished?
the independent postal service was abolished
what replaced local currency?
Russian coinage
what happened in Poland in 1885?
the polish national bank was closed
in schools and universities (Poland) what happened?
the teaching of all subjects except the polish language and religion had to be in Russian
- even polish literature studied in Russian translation
administration of Poland also was also
changed to curb any independence
who also found themselves as subjects of particular aggressive russification?
the loyal baltic germans, who had enjoyed the special protection of Alexander II predecessors
between 1885 and 1889 what measures were introduced?
measures introduced to enforce the use of russian in all state :
-offices
-elementary
- secondary schools
-the police force
-the judicial system
even German university of Dorpar ‘Russified’ and became ?
Iurev Universiry(1889-93)
Russification extended to other provinces such as
Belorussia Georgia and Ukraine
in Ukraine further laws limited the use of?
Ukrainian language in 1883
in 1884 Ukraine
all theatres in the five Ukrainian provinces were closed
military service arrangements
-extended into areas previously exempt
- conscripts from national areas were dispersed to prevent national groupings from developing in the army
- business entirely conducted in Russian
even people of siberia and further east were
subject to attempts at russification
adherence to the orthodox church was encouraged everywhere with laws
benefitting those of orthodox faith
in the baltic region, how many Lutherans converted to orthodoxy?
37,000
-in order to take advantage of the special measures of support
in Poland what were closed down
catholic monasteries were closed down
-influence of catholic priests was curbed
-incentives were provided for non-catholics to settle in this area
in asia
the all Russian orthodox missionary society worked to convert ‘heathens’(non believers) and Muslims’ and this included mass baptisms
from 1883 members of non-orthodox churches were not allowed to?
build new places of worship,wear religious dress except within their meeting place, or spread any religious propaganda
any attempt to convert a member of the orthodox church to another faith was made punishable by?
exile to siberia
