Russian Rulers

Question 1

‘X was the leader who did the most to transform Russia’

Answer 1

-What ‘X’ did.
-Important to consider eco, socio ,polit.
Para 1- Social:
-What ‘X’ did.
-Al II did most: emancipation.
-Ed reforms more transformative than Stalin.
-Al did least
-Khrushchev did a lot: promoted free education-1954, housing stock doubled- destalinization.
Para 2- Economic:
-What ‘X’ did economically.
-Stalin did most: emphasis on industry.
-5 year plans.
-Compare to other plans: G.S, great spurt etc.
Para 3- Political:
-What ‘X’
-Al II did most- zemstva.
-Compare to N II, October manifesto.
Magic Para: for whom:
-Peasants- AII/Stalin.
-For workers- Stalin.
-For National minorities- AII-negative transformation

Question 2

‘X’ was most important reason for introduction of reform’

Answer 2

Para 1- Reasons for eco reform:
-Most: catch up with west.
-Reutern railway.
-Ideological motivation: war com, NEP.
Para 2- Reasons for socio reform:
-Most: appease lower class, prevent unrest.
-Emancipation.
-2nd: Ideology: collectivisation.
-3rd: catch up with west: Al II military reforms.
Para 3- Reasons for poli:
-Most: maintain power, efficiency.
-Zemstva, October manifesto.

Question 3

‘Assess view that rulers were opposed to change’

Answer 3

Para 1- Socio:
-Tsars opposed, Bolsheviks didn’t.
-what tsar and communist did.
Para 2- Eco:
-Neither opposed change- but comm embraced it.
-what tsar and communist did.
-Biggest change: 5 Y.P, collectivisation.
Para 3- Polit:
-Tsars opposed, comm weren’t.
-Tsars- only when opposition.
-Comm- 1917 rev BUT still autocratic.
Para 4- For whom:
-Kulaks- cultivated under tsars, opposed under comm.
-Ukraine- ‘bread basket’ hit worse by collectivisation.
-Workers-better social change under comm.