Russian Revolution Flashcards by Theo Locke

Emancipation of the Serfs

1861
- Granting of legal freedom to serfs
→ had to make redemption payments

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Sergei Witte

appointed as finance minister 1892
- Believed that Russia needed to industrialize
- Brought-in economic reforms
- Not supported by Tsar / gov

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what happened in 1894

Nicholas II becomes tsar

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Coronation of Tsar Nicholas II

1896
May

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What was the Khodynka tragedy

Crushing incident
- 1300+ people crushed, similar injured
- Tsar seen as insensitive due to attending ball after the tragedy

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All-Russian Social Democratic Party (ARSDP) formed

1898
- Founded on ideas of Karl Marx

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Socialist Revolutionary (SRs) formed

1901
- Aimed to confiscate & redistribute land to peasantry

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What happened at the Second congress of ARSDP in London

1903
- Split between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks

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Who was removed in 1903

Witte

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Union of Liberation formed

1904
Held power in the zemstvos, but overall not very powerful

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Start of Japan Russo-Japanese war

1904
Started by by attacking Port Arthur
- Russia demanded Manchuria and Korea (neutral zone N-39th parallel)
- Did not accept counter offer → negotiations deteriorated

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Bloody Sunday

1905 Jan 22nd
- Non-violent march to Winter Palace led by Father Gapon
- Demands for assembly elected by universal suffrage, civil liberties, fairer axes, voice for workers
- Violently dispersed by Cossacks → 130+ killed, 100s more injured

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Redemption payments

1905 | Nov
phased-out → peasants calmed

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1905 strikes

Started in Moscow
- Formation of workers’ soviets in St. Petersburg & Moscow; demands for improved workers’ conditions
Mutiny on the battleship Potemkin
Attempt by Kadets to form ‘Union of Unions’

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October Manifesto

Nicholas II issued October Manifesto at Witte’s will (he wanted to kill himself)
- Concessions to the masses
- Promised free speech, voting rights (for those who didn’t have them previously)
- Elected assembly — Duma

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Treaty of Portsmouth

1905
Treaty with Japan
Japan unhappy because treaty favoured Russia

Fundamental Laws

1906 | April passed by Nicholas II
- “supreme autocratic power belongs to the tsar”
- Tsar could overwrite Duma’s decisions
- State Council (tsar-appointees) and military in gov. control

First Duma

1906 May → June
- Kadet majority
- SDs and SRs boycott elections
- Dissolved by Tsar

Stolypin appointed as minister

1906
- Worked towards improving the peasant’s situation + agriculture
- Introduced significant reforms and laws (→ “Stolypin’s Necktie)

Second Duma

1907 Feb. → June
- SDs and SRs won
- Significant divisions in the Duma
- Dissolved by Tsar

Third Duma

1907 Nov - 1912 June
- Controlled by right-wing parties; better relations w/ gov.
- Progressed land reform, military re-org, national insurance for workers

1909 → 1914

Widespread strikes

Lena gold mine massacre

1912
Siberia; 270+ miners killed, similar wounded

Fourth Duma

1912 Nov. → 1914 Aug.

300th anniversary of the Romanov Dynasty

1913 - Shows face for first time since 1905 Rev. - Propaganda affair

Tannenberg

1914 Aug 70,000 Russians killed, 92,000 captured

Rasputin murdered

1916 Dec murdered by courtiers out of concern for royal family was thought to be manipulating the Tzarina

Putilov steel works strikes

1917 Feb. Demonstrations in Petrograd during international Women’s Day → Troops didn’t disperse strikes; Cossacks turned against tsar

Nicholas II abdicated

1917 March troops diverted train to Pskov, where Nicholas was convinced of abdication

Provisional Government and their weaknesses

Formed in 1917 Alexander Kerensky PM after Lvov Weaknesses - Developed from (weak and undermined) Duma - Shared power with the Petrograd Soviet

what were the July Days

June 1917 - Sailors at Kronstadt naval base declared own gov. - Demonstrations by workers/sailors PG suppressed the dissidents → Lenin fled to Finland; Pravda newspaper closed

Lavr Kornilov

Attempted a march on Petrograd - Kerensky accused Kornilov of trying to make a military dictatorship → removed him - Called for support from workers / army → Bolsheviks led resistance among workers and soviets

Oct 25th - 27th

Kerensky tried to pre-emptive strike the Bolsheviks - Ordered transfer of Petrograd garrison to the German front - MRC took over the garrison - Bolsheviks took over Petrograd and the Winter Palace

Constituent Assembly dissolved

1918 Jan - SRs had majority in elections - Red Guards forcefully dissolved it at 1st meeting SRs / SDs / every one else didn’t like it

Russian Civil war

Started1918 Jan

Lavr Kornilov march on Petrograd

August 1918 - Kerensky accused Kornilov of trying to make a military dictatorship → removed him - Called for support from workers / army → Bolsheviks led resistance among workers and soviets

Kerensky tried to pre-emptive strike the Bolsheviks

October 1918 - Ordered transfer of Petrograd garrison to the German front - MRC took over the garrison - Bolsheviks took over Petrograd and the Winter Palace

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

1918 March 3rd - Signed 1 million km$^2$ over to Germany - 1/2 of Russia’s industry and farmland Treaty very unpopular

Russian Revolution Flashcards

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