Russian Revolution

Question 1

What were the 3 main reasons of the five year plan

Answer 1

1. ‘Catch up’ with industrialised democracies: Britain, USA
2. Others didn’t like communism, so Russia must become independent
3. Build a industry that can manufacture weapons in case of attack.

Question 2

What mistakes happened when the provisional government took power

Answer 2

1. Didn’t end Russians involvement in WW1
2. Didn’t give land to the peasants to own
3. No command of the Russian army

Question 3

How long did Tsar Nicholas rule Russia for?

Answer 3

Until Feb 1917

Question 4

What happened when Tsar Nicholas was overthrown

Answer 4

-Peasants striking
-WW1 was going badly
-Army did not follow his rules/orders
-High food prices and lack of food

Question 5

When did Stalin introduce the first of 3 five year plans

Answer 5

1928

Question 6

What were the first of 3 five year plans

Answer 6

-set production targets for different types of industries
-aim: further develop industrialisation

Question 7

How long did the provisional government have power for

Answer 7

Feb 1917- oct 1917

Question 8

What happened to the provisional goverment

Answer 8

Bolshevik party seized power

Question 9

What did Bolshevik promise Russia

Answer 9

Peace, bread and land

Question 10

What happened whilst Lenin was in power

Answer 10

Civil war between old Tsar supporters and Bolsheviks

Question 11

Did the Bolsheviks win the civil war

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

When did Lenin die

Answer 12

1924

Question 13

What happened after Lenin died

Answer 13

Stalin took power next

Question 14

How long did the forced collectivisation last for

Answer 14

Summer 1929- onwards

Question 15

What happened to the forced collectivisation by march 1930

Answer 15

60% all forms been collectivised with mixed affects

Question 16

How long did the first five year plan last for

Answer 16

1928-1932

Question 17

What was the first five year plan

Answer 17

-heavy industries: coal, iron, oil+ machinery
-electrical power trebled (coal + iron)
-1500 new industries were built

Question 18

How long did the second five year plan last for

Answer 18

1933-1937

Question 19

What was the second five year plan

Answer 19

-developing better communication skills
-electricity production and chemicals grew
-heavy industry: steel output trebled
-coal production doubled
-1936 shifted towards retire

Question 20

How long did the third five year plan last for

Answer 20

1938-1941

Question 21

What was the third five year plan

Answer 21

-WW2 interrupted
-3 years
-focused on developing armaments for war
-Germany invaded 1941
-fight effectively
-Eventually push back the german forces

Question 22

What were the quotas each farm had to fulfil

Answer 22

Whatever was left was used to feed peasants
Or sold for profit

Question 23

What is a collective farm called

Answer 23

Kolkhoz

Question 24

What were the farms large enough to use

Answer 24

Modern machinery

Question 25

How would using modern machinery be efficient

Answer 25

It would be much more efficient in producing large amounts of food

Question 26

What did each kolkhoz contain

Answer 26

Collective buildings, school, nursery, meeting, place, dining Hall, Hospital, communal farming, machinery, communal grain store, and steam powered meal

Question 27

What was the aim of the cult of personality?

Answer 27

To present Stalin’s economic policies in a good way

Question 28

How did Stalin represent his economic policies in a good way?

Answer 28

Stalin himself as father like/god figure to the Russian people

Question 29

What were the positives of collectivisation

Answer 29

Overall, collectivisation did mean that enough grain was produced to feed the industrial workforce and export grain to purchase machinery

Mechanisation did happen. By 1938, 95% of threshing 72% of ploughing, 57% of spring sowing and 48% of harvesting was done using machinery.

From 1935 Stalin allowed peasants to farm their own small private plots as well as the collective. They were allowed to sell this produce for a profit. By the late 1930s 70% of meat and milk was produced in this way.

Mechanisation of farming, meant that many peasants were freed up to leave the countryside and swell the workfo

Question 30

What were the negatives of collectivisation

Answer 30

The process of collectivisation meant forcing the richer peasants called Kulaks off their land so that this could form the basis of the new Kolkhoz.

The collectivised peasants resisted seizure of their grain and animals. They burned their farms and crops and killed their livestock rather than hand it over

Collective farms had to give up a quota of their produce to the authorities. These quotas were often so high that there was little left afterwards for the peasants themselves.

The poorer peasants were encouraged to denounce the local richer Kulak peasant class. The Kulaks were either killed or sent to Siberia. Approximately 10 million died

Collectivisation was harshly enforced. Anyone who stole from a collective or who attempted to sell produce for their own profit could be gaoled for ten years

Destruction of crops and livestock led to famine between 1932 and 1934 which killed approximately 7 million peasants

Question 31

Why did Stalin relay heavily on propaganda

Answer 31

to gain support for his policies of the Five Year Plans and Collectivisations and economic policies.