Russian Current

Question 1

Electrical Muscle stimulation can be divided into what two broad categories

Answer 1

1. ) Neuromuscular electrical stimulation used for strengthening
2. ) Functional Electrical Stimulation used for re-education or endurance training of muscles

Question 2

Kots claimed russain current could produce how much more force than a voluntary maximal-contraction

Answer 2

30%

Question 3

NMES (neuromuscular electrical stimulation/ Russian) can be used for

Answer 3

strethening, prevention of atrophy(when an intact nerver supply to the muscle)

Question 4

NMES is not considered medically necessary for

Answer 4

prevention of muscle atrophy folowing an orthopedic procedure, treatment of pain, as a technique to increase general circulation.

Question 5

What type of current is russian

Answer 5

2,500 Hz sine wave which is 10 msec n 10 msec off, known as a medium frequency, burst alternating . 50 bursts per second.

Question 6

What type of wave form is russian

Answer 6

biphasic sinusoidal

Question 7

what type of modulation is russian

Answer 7

continuous pulsatile current with burst modulation

Question 8

What is the duty cycle for russian current

Answer 8

1:5

Question 9

general parameters for russian

Answer 9

ampllitude: tetanic muscle contraction
pulse rate: 50-70 pps,
10 seconds on 50 seconds on, 10 reps

Question 10

What would the pulse rate be fore edema

Answer 10

less than 10 pps for twitch contraction, which is used for edema control and chronic pain

Question 11

What is tetanic contraction of 30 pps used for

Answer 11

spasm reduction, dususe atrophy. `

Question 12

if patient complains of discomfort what should you do?

Answer 12

too much current, insufficient moistening of spinge, minor small denuded area (scrathes, cuts, abrasions), patient is hypersensitive,, poor electrode conformity or size.

Question 13

What dosage should you use on a patient

Answer 13

maximal current that is tolerable for the patient

Question 14

How long should russian be for

Answer 14

10-30 mins

Question 15

If a healthy athlete can generate a stronger voluntary muscle contraction than an electrically induced contraction why use NMES?

Answer 15

NMES is used on patients who cannot perform voluntary muscle contraction

Question 16

Does NMES recruit fibers in the order or opposite order than a voluntary contraction

Answer 16

Opposite-
With NMES and a passive contraction the large nerve fibers fire first, followed by the smaller fibers
When a patient performs active voluntary contraction, the small fibers fire first, followed by the larger ones.

Question 17

What often causes spasms of skeletal muscles

Answer 17

dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities. Can be a result from microtrauma, macrotrauma, accumulation of chemical irriitants, muscle weakness, and pain

Question 18

Spasm Vs Cramp

Answer 18

Spasm- low-grade contraction or tightness

Cramp-complete, massive, sudden-onset contraction

Question 19

What is the Pain-Spasm-Pain Cycle

Answer 19

pain was the cause of spasm, which puts more pressure on sensitive nerve ending, causing vicious cyclle.

Question 20

To Treat spasms we use a tetanic contraction stimulation, what is the goal of this type of contraction?

Answer 20

1. ) increase local circulation
2. ) remove metabolic wastes
3. ) mechanically stimulate muscle fibers and induce some muscle spasm fatigue ( stimulation the muscle fiber at a certain intensity and for a long duration will render that muscle unable to contract.

Question 21

Parameters for Russian for Muscle Spasm

Answer 21

intensity: strong enough to see a visible contraction
PPS: 100 to 125
Continuous
Treatment Time: 20 minutes or until the spas, is broken

Question 22

Parameters for Russian or NMES for edema

Answer 22

if muscle pumping is goal; duty cycle 1:1
pt should contract muscle if possible
NMES produces cyclic muscle contractions (twitch contraction) to stimulate lymphatic flow and help remove free protein and edema from the area

Question 23

NMES intensity For increasing ROM

Answer 23

intenstity: strong enough to move the extremity though the anti-gravity range of motion, Intensity should be increased throughout the treatment

Question 24

NMES pps for increasing rom

Answer 24

20 to 30 pulses per second

Question 25

NMES Mode for increasing ROM

Answer 25

interrupted or surge mode

Question 26

What muscle group do you stimulate?

Answer 26

the antagonist of the contracture

Question 27

Treatment time

Answer 27

15 seconds on, 15 seconds off
Duty cycle 1:1 or 2:5
for 90 minutes daily, (3 sessions for 30 minutes)

Question 28

Can NMES burn patients

Answer 28

yes, so monitor beneath the electrodes

Question 29

Names some precautions

Answer 29

Patients who cannot provide feedback, pt with hyper tension, hypotension, ANS response may affect the blood pressure of the patient. Overweight patients may have increased sensitivity to burns

Question 30

Contraindications for Russian or NMES

Answer 30

healing fractures, areas of active bleeding, malignancies or phlebitis in treatment area, superficial metal implants, pharyngeal or laryngeal muscles, patients with demand-type pacemakers.