Russia (Tsar - Rasputin)

Question 1

Describe 2 features of the Bloody Sunday Massacre.

Answer 1

1 feature of the Bloody Sunday massacre is protestors who became victims.
Another feature is the response of the authorities. Even though the protest was peaceful the soldiers shot and killed 100 protesters.

Question 2

Who led the protests during the Bloody Sunday massacre?

Answer 2

Father Gapon

Question 3

How many people sighned the petition?

Answer 3

150,000

Question 4

Why did the authorities shoot the protesters?

Answer 4

Factory workers began to shout and insult the soldiers which led to a violent reaction from the soldiers. This led to 100s being killed and even more being wounded

Question 5

Describe the first Duma.

Answer 5

• It was dominated by the peasant party and the kadets.
• The first Duma brought about land reforms and the abolishment of the state council.
• Abolished serfdom.
• 3 things limiting the Duma were the fundamental laws, article 87 and the Tsar’s power to veto.

Question 6

Describe the second Duma.

Answer 6

• 222 socialist were selected (mostly SR)
• The second Duma critiscised the goverment and demanded the non-payment of taxes.
• In response the Kadets were made ineligible to vote -> reduced the power of the Kadets.

Question 7

Describe the 3rd Duma.

Answer 7

• Stolypin changed the election rules so that a more conservative deputies were elected into the 3rd Duma.
• The goverment relied on the conservatives to support the goverment.
• This mean that the Octobirsits and other conservative deputies controlled 287/443 of the duma seats.
• The liberals and the people were shocked that the goverment would act in such a dishonourable way
• The 3rd Duma lasted around 5 years.

Question 8

Describe the Fourth Duma

Answer 8

• The fourth Duma comprised of mainly Octoberists one one side and the socialists on the other.
• This made the decision process very hard.`

Question 9

What reforms did Stolypin bring about?

Answer 9

• He wanted to take Russia from relying on agriculture to becoming Industrialised.
• He wanted to increase the value of peasants’ land holding, eliminate communal village styles and offer peasants affordable lines of credit for private land ownership.

Question 10

How much did Stolypin actually change?

Answer 10

• By the end of 1916 20% of the peasant households had title to their land.
• The number of Kadets increased and were more supportive of the Tsar.
• The heavy industry increased -> the production of of iron and steel rose by 50%.
• The formation of trade unions had been made legal in 1905.

Question 11

Why did some of his reforms fail?

Answer 11

He had faced opposition from Conservative groups who opposed his plans.

He was assassinated in 1911

Question 12

What was the Lena Goldfield Massacre?

Answer 12

The massacre was the killing of goldfield workers who were on strike.

Question 13

When was the Lena Goldfield Massacre?

Answer 13

April 1912

Question 14

What caused the Lena Goldfield Strike?

Answer 14

The workers went on strike against poor working conditions.

Question 15

What were the demands of the Lena Goldfield Strike?

Answer 15

• 8 hour work day
• An increase in wages
• Better food -> they were often given rotten meat.

Question 16

What was the Tsar’s response to the Lena Goldfield Strike?

Answer 16

• The administration refused to agree to the worker’s demands.
• The poeple on the strike were arrested.
• Protesters were shot by the army with 270 killed and 250 injured.

Question 17

What were the ecconomic effects of WWI on Russia.

Answer 17

• By mid 1916, 30% of Russia’s railway stock was unusable.
• This has a severe impact on Russia’s cities which relied on railway for shipments for their food and coal supplies.
• By the late 1916 inflation in Russia had reached almost 400%

Question 18

What were the social effects of WWI on Russia?

Answer 18

• Russian people started to lose trust in the goverment.
• Because of the high inflation the lives of most people were even worse than before.
• The Tsar and the Tsarina lost support from the upper and middle class.
• They had little respect for the Tsarina and were appalled at the
  influence Rasputin held.
• Rumours about the Tsarina and Rasputin circulated. They believed that as the Tsarina was German by birth, that they were both German agents
  working within to destroy Russia.

Question 19

What were the political effects of WWI on Russia?

Answer 19

• Due to defeat after defeat, the awful economic downturn and the unpopularity of the Tsarist regime, the tsar was forced to abdicate his throne.
  -November 1917 Communists took advantage of the ensuing anarchy to take power in a military coup.

Question 20

When was the Tsar forced to abdicate?

Answer 20

1917 <3

Question 21

What was Rasputin’s influence over the Tsar and the Tsarina

Answer 21

Rasputin’s influence ranged from the appointment of church officials to the selection of cabinet ministers (often incompetent opportunists), and he occasionally intervened in military matters to Russia’s detriment.