Russia NDS Flashcards
How large was the population of the Russian Empire in 1897, and what area did it cover?
126 million people; 8.8 million square miles
What percentage of the population were peasants, and what were their living conditions like?
82%; Many lived in poverty and worked in primitive agricultural conditions
Who owned most of the land in Russia by 1900, and how much?
80% of the land; Owned by the nobility, clergy, or Tsarist officials
What percentage of the population was part of the industrial workforce by 1914, and where were they concentrated?
4%; Concentrated in cities like St. Petersburg and Moscow
How did the wages of urban workers in Russia compare to those in Western Europe by 1914?
40% lower than their Western European counterparts
What was the literacy rate in Russia in 1897, and how did it affect reforms?
21%; Limited political awareness and reform efforts
What percentage of the Tsarist budget was allocated to the Russian Orthodox Church, and why was this significant?
15%; The Church was a key pillar of Tsarist ideology
How did Russia’s economy rank globally by 1914, and how did it compare to Britain and Germany?
Fourth-largest economy globally; Still far behind industrial powers like Britain and Germany
What happened during Bloody Sunday in 1905, and what were the casualties?
200 demonstrators killed; 800 wounded by Tsarist troops
How many workers went on strike after Bloody Sunday, and what impact did it have?
400,000 workers; Crippled industry in urban areas
What was promised in the October Manifesto of 1905, and what limited its effectiveness?
Promised political reforms, including a Duma; Retained the Tsar’s autocratic powers under Article 87
What were the casualties during the December 1905 armed uprising in Moscow?
2,000 people killed by loyalist troops
What were Stolypin’s reforms, and how much noble land was redistributed?
Redistributed 15% of noble lands to individual peasant ownership; Attempted to quell peasant unrest
How many revolutionaries were arrested or executed by the Okhrana between 1905 and 1914?
Over 6,000; Maintained surveillance on opposition groups
How many peasants moved to Siberia under Stolypin’s reforms, and why?
2.2 million peasants; Alleviated rural overpopulation pressures
How many soldiers did the Tsar use during the 1905 Revolution?
1 million soldiers used to suppress uprisings and mutinies
How was the Duma restricted by 1907, and what effect did this have?
60% of seats reserved for landowning nobility; Reduced its ability to challenge the Tsar
How many people emigrated annually from Russia between 1905 and 1914, and why?
100,000 annually; Due to repression and poor living conditions
How many workers participated in strikes across Petrograd and Moscow in August 1917?
400000
How many armed Red Guards were organized in Petrograd?
6000
How many soldiers deserted from the Russian Army following the failed July Offensive?
40000
How many Bolshevik Party members were arrested after the July Days?
2000
What was the growth of the Bolshevik Party from February to August 1917?
24,000 to 240,000 members
How many troops under General Kornilov attempted to march on Petrograd?
70000
