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History > Russia In Revolution: 1904-06 > Flashcards

Russia In Revolution: 1904-06 Flashcards

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1
Q

Events of Russo-Japanese war

A
  • Russia, Japan, Korea
  • 2nd Jan 1904 - Japan attack Port Arthur
  • expect easy victory - humiliating defeat
  • May 1905 - 24/27 from Baltic fleet sunk
  • peace conference= Aug 1905 - recognise Japan’s influence, surrender Port Arthur
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2
Q

Political impacts of Russo-Japanese war

A
  • humiliation + deteriorating economic conditions -> discontent -> Zemstva want N.A.
  • wartime discontent -> revolution in St. Petersburg 1905
  • Plehve assassinated by SR July 1904
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3
Q

Social Impacts of Russo-Japanese war

A
  • Russian navy & pride of armed forces lacked. 23/27 Baltic fleet sunk in 90 mins
  • reports = clear that army badly led
  • battle at Mukden +90,000 Russian soldiers died
  • humiliated! 1st in modern history that Eastern country defeated European
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4
Q

Economic impacts of Russo-Japanese war

A
  • Supply lines = insufficient for war 6000 miles away (only T-S railway)
  • Navy other side of world = costly
  • caused fuel and food shortages
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5
Q

Events of Bloody Sunday

A
  • 03/01/1905: strike at Putilov Iron works in St. Petersburg -> 3 workers dismissed
  • 9th Jan: ~20,000 workers March to Winter Palace (St.P) with petitionarmed police and Cossacks fire - kill “130” (4,600)
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6
Q

Petition at Bloody Sunday asked for…

A

1) improved working conditions
2) more food
3) constituent assembly with working class representation

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7
Q

Impact of Bloody Sunday

A

Tsar replaced Mirskii with strong & conservative Bilyugin as Minister of Internal Affairs

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8
Q

Events of 1905 order

A 
Bloody Sunday
General Strike
Assassination of Grand Duke Sergei
All-Russian Union of Railway Workers formed
Naval Mutiny at Kronstadt near St.Petersburg
Mutiny on the Potemkin
Peasants' Union formed
State Duma promised
Treaty of Portsmouth
General Strike
October Manifesto signed
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9
Q

General Strike events

A
  • January 1905
  • end of January = +400,000 workers on Strike
  • by Autumn - Strikes spread = 2,500,000 workers on strike
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10
Q

Assassination of Grand Duke Sergei

A
  • killed by social revolutionaries 4th February

* Tsar’s uncle & governor of Moscow

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11
Q

All Russian Union of Railway Workers formed

A
  • March

* one of largest trade unions formed - encouraged birth of more illegal trade unions

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12
Q

Mutiny on the Potemkin events

A
  • 14th-24th June
  • protest began over inedible
  • one of sailors’ spokesmen shot -> triggered full-scale mutiny -> 7 officers killed
  • Sailors toed boat to Port of Odessa & troops fired on townspeople coming to pay respects to dead sailor
  • +2000 killed ~ 3000 wounded
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13
Q

Peasants’ Union formed

A

• August• 1st real political organisation of Russian Peasantry• at same time in Moscow - Peasant congress heldcalled for ‘All Russian Union of Peasants’

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14
Q

State Duma promised

A
  • 6th August

* Nicholas II made this promiserestricted its powersrevolutionaries regarded proposal as too weak

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15
Q

Treaty of Portsmouth signed

A
  • 23rd August

* Peace treaty which ended Russo-Japanese war = signed

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16
Q

General Strike events

A
  • 23rd September: Printers’ strike in Moscow on spread to St. Petersburg
  • October: General strike
  • strike included railway workers, post & telegraph offices, banks
  • economy ground to a halt - local gov. offices closed
  • largely uncoordinated - not led by Bolsheviks as claimed later
17
Q

Causes of October Manifesto

A
  • UL: satisfy calls for greater influence from intellects/Zemstva -> Witte & Trepov persuades to reform to quell revolution
  • MT: show confidence in Nicholas II’s own standing - Bloody Sunday/Russo-Japanese war/reaction to strikes -> Nik :/?- lack of change -> social discontent -> save autocracy
  • Trigger: introduce mild reform July 1905
18
Q

When was the October manifest issued?

A

17th October 1905

19
Q

Reforms of October Manifesto

A
  • constitutional monarchy created - state duma works alongside Tsar
  • universal suffrage (promised)
  • civil liberties (promised)
  • no law passed without Duma consent
  • Nov 1905: redemption payments abolished
20
Q

Limitations of October Manifesto

A
  • issued manifesto with resentment
  • no “freedom of speech”
  • Duma = consultative body
  • no promise of constituent assembly
  • not elected through universal suffrage = indirect
21
Q

Positive impacts of positive reactions

A
  • celebrations on street
  • The Octobrists = supportive Union (=moderate liberals with right wing tendencies)
  • left wing liberals accepted as first step to full reform - Kadets
  • end of redemption payments -> peasants happy
22
Q

Critical reactions of October Manifesto

A
  • SRs and Social Democrats rejected proposals & encouraged members to strike
  • soldiers & sailors / national minority groups keep protesting
  • number of peasant uprisings increased - demand land redistribution
  • people resented harsh treatment of citizens (Tsar wants power)
23
Q

What aided the Tsar’s recovery after 1906?

A
  • army units & Cossack troops = loyal to Tsar
  • violence used to quash uprisings - penalties for ‘criminal acts’
  • troops joined with Black Hundreds to stop peasant uprisings
  • opposition weakened by acceptance of manifesto by liberals
  • revolutionary groups lacked cohesive leadership (Trotsky=Siberia, Lenin=Finland)
  • peasants less willing to strike as pay dwindled
24
Q

Causes of the Russo-Japanese war

A

UL: to distract from Russia’s domestic troubles (economic depression, strikes/uprisings -> patriotism. Plehve: “short, swift victorious war”
MT: pursue expansionist policy in far east (Archangel frozen 1/2 year)
Trigger: protect exposed empire (Japan attack fleet at Port Arthur)

25
Q

Opposition groups who played a role in 1905

A
  • Liberals
  • Social Revolutionaries (lack of effective leadership)
  • Social Democrats
  • Minority Groups
  • Russian nationalists
26
Q

Part played by Liberals in 1905

A

• ask for constitutional monarchy with civil rights and uni suffrage
- eg on 12-15th Sept - rejected Bulygin’s constitutional reform plans (set in July) - didn’t go far enough
• combined to make ‘Union of Unions’

27
Q

Part played by Social Revolutionaries in 1905

A
  • wanted to overthrow Tsardom
  • killed Grand Duke Sergei - 4th Feb
  • co-ordinate rural anti-government action
  • lacked coercive, effective leadership -> not effective
28
Q

Part played by Social Democrats in 1905

A
  • surprised by events
  • split -> lacked leadership
  • October: Trotsky writes Russian Gazette & chaired St.Petersburg Soviet until December
29
Q

Part played by Minority groups in 1905

A
  • Jews want equal rights
  • Poles/Finns want political independence
  • Ukrainians strike
  • All Muslim Congress held in August - more say in regional decisions
30
Q

Russian Nationalists in 1905

A
  • “Black Hundreds” beat up minority’s causing trouble in empire
  • Hangings / beatings = common
  • Nik provided with moral&financial support

History (5 decks)

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