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GEOG 200 Test 2 > Russia/Central Asia > Flashcards

Russia/Central Asia Flashcards

1
Q

Near Abroad

A

Former states of the Soviet Union, particularly those with a lot of ethnic Russians.

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2
Q

Nomadic pastoralists

A

Herd animals from place to place, carefully and deliberately following rainfall and plant growth to maintain their flocks

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3
Q

Northwest Passage

A

An ice-choked waterway spanning the Arctic Sea between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, north of the the Canadian and Russian mainlands

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4
Q

Oligarchs

A

Business leaders who wield significant economic and political power

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5
Q

Permafrost

A

Permanently frozen subsoil

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6
Q

Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR)

A

Many different regional nationalities under one banner

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7
Q

Zone of alienation

A

Where only a handful of residents and scientific teams reside

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8
Q

In 2014, the Russian Federation annexed ?

What was the response of the International community?

A

Crimea

The international community condemned them

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9
Q

Describe the distribution of climates across the region and how climate change may influence the regions future

A

The climates range from semiarid and arid, to mile temperate, to continental, to polar
Climate change may result in increased power production and cross-border tensions

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10
Q

What physical, economic and political impacts may global warming have on the Arctic?

A

Cross-border tensions
less agricultural production in the North Caucasus
etc.

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11
Q

Describe the regions’s 5 major environmental zones and the primary economic/agricultural activities in each of these zones

A 
Tundra (reindeer)
Taiga (lumber)
Mixed Forest (lumber)
Steppe (Wheat)
Semidesert and Desert (Nomadic pastoralism)
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12
Q

Describe the environmental challenges of the region

A

Decimation of the Aral Sea
Pollution of lakes and rivers
etc.

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13
Q

How did the policies of the Soviet Union contribute to environmental degradation in the region?

A

Mismanagement of natural resources and failure to control pollution destroyed the environment

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14
Q

Describe the incident at Chernobyl and the status of the region today.

A

Chernobyl power plant exploded relates tons of radioactive waste into the atmosphere and killing millions. Chernobyl to this day is still off limits

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15
Q

Describe the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States.

A

For over 50 years, the US and USSR fought a cold war that resulted in geopolitical crises in many regions of the world, and isolated the soviet union from the west

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16
Q

What are Russia’s major exports?

A

Crude petroleum, refined petroleum, petroleum gas, metals

17
Q

What is the leading cause of tensions between Russia and the Transcaucasus and Russia and Central Asia?

A

Ethnonationalism

18
Q

Describe the distribution of the major religions of the region.

A

Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Muslim (minorities)

19
Q

Describe the distribution of the major language groups of the region.

A

Russian and Belarussian
Turkic (Central Asia/Transcaucusus)
Paleo-Siberian (East)

20
Q

Describe the current status of women in Russia.

A

They have limited rights (can’t get some jobs), but have opportunities

21
Q

Describe the population density and distribution of the region

A

Most people live in Eastern Russia

22
Q

What factors explain Russia’s high death rate?

A

Less healthcare
poverty
stresses surrounding economic dislocation

23
Q

What mountain range is considered the diving range between Europe and Asia?

A

Ural Mountains

24
Q

How much annual precipitation does Siberia receive?

A

10 to 20 inches per year

25
Q

What climate dominates Russia? What climate dominates Central Asia?

A

Continental

Dry

26
Q

What resources are found in the Ural Mountain region?

A

Aluminum, copper, gold, iron, etc.

27
Q

What happened to the Aral Sea and why?

A

The river that fed into it was diverted to irrigate cotton fields

28
Q

According to your atlas, how is the Arctic defined?

A

The islands, northern areas of 3 continents, and sea ice north of the Arctic Circle

29
Q

Note the distribution of permafrost in the Arctic. What region does not have a significant amount of permafrost? Why do you think that is the case?

A

Polar sea ice, because there’s no subsoil

30
Q

When is the average minimum extent of sea ice? When is the average maximum extent of sea ice? Why do you think the minimum/maximum occur during those months?

A

September; summer just ending

April; winter just ending

31
Q

Why are many houses in the Arctic built on wood pilings?

A

So they don’t melt the permafrost

GEOG 200 Test 2 (3 decks)

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