RUSSIA BOOKLET 3 - DUMA PERIOD Flashcards
ZEMGOR
WHAT WAS IT
- VOLUNTARY SUPPORT FOR THE WAR EFFORT
- PRODUCED UNIFORM, MEDICINE AND MUNITIONS
- DISTRIBUTED FOOD/AID/MILITARY DETACHMENTS
ZEMGOR
IMPACT
- EFFICIENT/WELL ORGANISED
- MORE IMPACTFUL THAN GOVERNMENT AT THIS TIME
HOWEVER - LIMITED RESOURCES - COULD ONLY PROVIDE 5% OF RESOURCES REQUIRED FOR WAR EFFORT
- TSAR REFUSED TO COOPERATE - LACKING INFLUENCE
THE PROGRESSIVE BLOC
WHAT WAS IT
- POLITICAL ALLIANCE OF THE DUMAS, UNITED BY A DESIRE FOR SIMILAR CONSTITUTIONAL TERMS
FORMED FROM PRESSURE AFTER THE LOSS OF THE GREAT RETREAT (1M MEN DEAD) - THE DUMA WERE RECALLED WITH MAJORITY FORMING THE PROGRESSIVE BLOC (236/442)
-DEMANDED A NEW GOV ‘GOVERNMENT OF CONFIDENCE’
THE PROGRESSIVE BLOC
IMPACT
- MINIMAL IMPACT DUE TO LACK OF COOPERATION
- BELIEVED THEY HAD NO RIGHT IN GOVERNMENT
- DIDN’T LAST LONG - DISMISSED IN 1915
THE LENA GOLDFIELDS MASSACRE 1912
WHAT WAS IT
PROTEST BY WORKERS AT GOLDFIELDS DUE TO POOR CONDITIONS (POOR FOOD)
PROTEST -> ALL OUT STRIKE
AFTER 30 DAYS, GOVERNMENT SENT IN TROOPS TO ARREST STRIKE LEADERS
THE LENA GOLDFIELDS MASSACRE
DEMANDS
- 30% WAGE RISE
- 8 HOUR DAYS
- IMPROVEMENTS IN MEDICAL CARE
THE LENA GOLDFIELDS MASSACRE
OUTCOME
- APRIL 1912 - COMPANY OF 90 SOLDIERS OPENED FIRE ON 3000 UNARMED MARCHERS - 160 KILLED 200 INJURED
- NO IMPROVEMENT IN CONDITIONS FOR WORKERS
- LATE 1912 - WORKERS AND FAMILIES - 10,000 - LEFT AREA AND WERE REPLACED BY IMPORTED WORKERS FROM CHINA AND KOREA
THE FIRST DUMA (APRIL - JUNE 1906)
WHAT WAS IT
STRENGTH
WEAKNESS
WHAT WAS IT
- MADE UP OF KADETS AND TRUDOVIKS - REMAINING 112 SEATS WERE SYMPATHETIC TO LIBERALS
- LACK OF POWER - TSAR DID NOT WORK WITH THEM DUE TO THEIR GREED FOR MORE POWER
- DEBATED LAND OWNERSHIP/CIVIL RIGHTS
STRENGTH
- BENEFICIAL IDEAS FOR THE MASSES
WEAKNESS
- LOTS OF DISAGREEMENT LED TO LACK OF PROGRESS
THE SECOND DUMA (FEB - JUNE 1907)
WHAT WAS IT
STRENGTH
WEAKNESS
WHAT WAS IT
- INVOLVED MENSHEVIKS, SRs AND LESS THAN 100 KADETS
- ATTACKED STOLYPIN’S LAND REFORM
STRENGTH
- WORKED ALONGSIDE GOVERNMENT HARMONIOUSLY
WEAKNESS
- CONTINUOUS DEBATES WITH LEFT AND RIGHTS MEMBERS - LACK OF COHESION
THE THIRD DUMA (NOV 1907 - JUNE 1912)
WHAT WAS IT
STRENGTH
WEAKNESS
WHAT WAS IT
- INVOLVED KADETS, OCTOBRISTS AND RIGHTISTS
- REDUCED THE PEASANT AND WORKING CLASS VOTE
- MODERNISED THE ARMY & INTRODUCED INSURANCE SCHEMES TO PREVENT STRIKES
STRENGTH
- WORKED WITH TSAR THEREFORE LASTED LONGER
WEAKNESS
- STILL LACKED ANY FORM OF POWER, WHOLLY CONTROLLED BY THE TSAR
THE FOURTH DUMA (NOV 1912-AUG 1914)
WHAT WAS IT
STRENGTH
WEAKNESS
WHAT WAS IT
- SIMILAR MAKEUP TO THIRD DUMA
- INTRODUCED REFORM ON THE ORTHODOX CHURCH AND BROADENED EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS
STRENGTH
- TSAR FAVOURED THEM DUE TO THEIR RIGHT WING BELIEFS
WEAKNESS
- WORKED SLOW THEREFORE HAD LIMITED IMPACT
ARTICLE 87
FUNDAMENTAL LAW
- TSAR TO ANNOUNCE NEW LAWS WITHOUT APPROVAL OF THE DUMAS - THEY ONLY HAVE TO RATIFY LAW - THIS COULD BE DELAYED BY THE DUMAS
- ALLOWED TSAR TO BYPASS DUMAS
TSAR CONTROL ON GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY
FUNDAMENTAL LAW
- DEFENSE AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS TO BE CONTROLLED BY TSAR ONLY
- ABILITY TO DISSOLVE DUMAS AT ANY POINT
- COULD APPROVE/DISMISS HIS OWN MINISTERS AT ANY POINT WITH NO NEED FOR DUMA APPROVAL
ARTICLE 4
FUNDAMENTAL LAW
‘THE ALL RUSSIAN EMPEROR POSSESSES THE SUPREME AUTOCRATIC POWER’
‘NOT ONLY FEAR AND CONSCIENCE, BUT ALSO GOD HIMSELF COMMANDS OBEDIENCE TO HIS AUTHORITY’
PROVISIONS ON FREEDOM
FUNDAMENTAL LAW
- FREEDOM OF SPEECH -> CREATION OF FREE PRESS (PRAVDA BOLSHEVIK NEWSPAPER)
- FREEDOM TO BE IN ANY POLITICAL ALLIANCE & TRADE UNIONS
- NOTHING WAS STOPPING LAWS BE PASSED TO BLOCK THESE RIGHTS THEREFORE ARGUABLY LIMITED SUCCESS
