Russia - 16 Markers Flashcards
Russia 1905 (Peasant Unrest)
85 percent of the population are peasants
Famines killed thousands
Russains were shocked by how badly these were dealt with
Famine was banned from all Russian newspapers
Russia 1905 (Urban workers discontented)
8-hour working days and organised trade unions
More rights and freedom and law
Signed by 150000
Huge factories were overcrowded, dirty barracks and viruses and diseases spreads quickly.
Russia 1905 (Military problems)
Potemkin Mutiny
Maggots in the food
Threatened officers who would not eat
Revolt
Riots were spread throughout the city / Nicholas II ordered the army to shoot the crowds
1000 killed
Showed the power of Tsar
Russia 1905 (Bloody Sunday)
Massacre of unarmed protestors
Father Gapon and protestors were bringing a petition to the Tsar
Warning shots were fired in the crowds
Over 100 protestors were killed and wounded
This united people in anger and disgust at the actions of the Tsar
Survive the Tsar (Repression()
Extreme violence was used to get back control of the country.
Newspapers were shut down and trade unions were closed.
Revolutionist were rounded up and put in prison
Failed to stop peasant riots only urban riots
Survive the Tsar (October Manifesto)
October Manifesto split those wanting a reform from those wanting wide scale revolution / this reduced pressure on the Tsar and split the movement
- this created new rights : freedom of speech, freedom of religion and formed trade unions.
- Duma formed from this
- New laws being created
Survive the Tsar (Divided Opposition)S
They are not unified
Most of the unrest was spontaneous
People in the city wanted cheaper bread
Peasants wanted more land
Workers wanted more pay and easier working conditions
Survive the Tsar (Reforms)
Land reforms
Was extremely complex
14 percent of peasants took up the reform
Stolypin was not successful on breaking up communes and creating individual farms
His political aim of preventing unrest
Peasant communes organised riots
Tsar Abdicate (Social and economic problems)
17 billion roubles was used on the war
25 percent of government tax was made from vodka
The countries debt skyrocketed
15 million men were sent to fight
500 factories had to close because of a lack of workers
Not enough raw resources so 150000 lost their jobs
No food focused all on army
Tsar Abdicate (Military discontent)
Soldiers learnt about the shooting of more than 50 people by trainee soldiers
They were shocked and decided to disobey orders of the officers
They broke out political prisoners
Tsar Abdicate (Political)
The duma became a centre of opposition
Tsarina was seen as German and was a spy
Rasputin had a influence of the Tsarina and was frowned by the public
Rumours were made of a affair
Tsar Abdicate (Tsar’s mistakes/poor leadership)
The Tsar had left petrograd and so was not in control of the situation
Nicholas could only rely on the information that was sent to him
Bolshevik Success (Mistakes of Provisional Government)
Continuing the war which caused more social and economic problems
They constantly delayed elections and made it look as though they wanted to keep their power
Kept delaying reforms / land was not being distributed
More freedom / this meant that many could openly criticise the PG
Kornilov revolt weakened Kerensky and the PG
Army and navy lost discipline
Peasants were seizing land
Bolshevik Success (Weaknesses of Provisional Government)
Dual control meant that many areas of government listened to the Soviets such as the railway system and post service/ this lead to food transportation difficulties
Soviets had a ‘Order number 1’ means that military matters were in their control
They were not elected and happened under the Tsar this weakened authority if the PG
Bolshevik success (Role of Lenin)
He decided the right time to begin the revolution.
The revolution faced little opposition which shows the perfect timing
He developed the strategy for success/ some thought that the Bolsheviks that they should join other socialist parties
