Rural-urban Change Flashcards
Urbanisation
The physical and human growth of towns and cities. Urbanisation is the growth of urban areas associated with movement of population into them.
Urban places
Busy built environments with a high population density
Sphere of influence
A sphere of influence covers a geographical area and describes the impact created by a feature or an event. A sphere of influence can be positive or negative.
Deep Green
These are remote and isolated rural places with poor road networks. They have lots of open space and very sparse populations.
Rapid Change
These rural areas are less densely populated and include some larger towns. Many people living here are commuters who work in urban areas rather than the countryside.
Leisure and amenity
Some of the UK’s most beautiful scenery and National Parks are contained in these rural places. They are in remote parts of the UK.
Coastal retirement
The population of these seaside towns includes a significant proportion of people who moved here when they retire.
Positive spheres of influence
Parks e.g. Hyde Park, London
Event spheres of influence
Sports stadiums e.g. Wembley Stadium, London
Global spheres of influence
Big cities e.g. London, New York, Mumbai
Settlement
A settlement is a place where people live. It can be permanent or temporary.
Urban area
An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and services of a built environment.
Rural area
A rural area is a place that is located outside towns and cities. Rural areas have a low population density and small settlements.
Net migration
Net migration - where more people are moving into an urban area than leaving.
Natural increase
Natural increase – where there are more births than deaths.
Push factors
Reasons to leave a place
Pull factors
Reasons that pull you towards a place to live
Counter urbanisation
Counter urbanisation is when large numbers of people move from urban areas into rural areas.
Population of London
8.8 million
Population of Oxford
150,000
Commuting
To travel a distance between one’s home and place of work on a regular basis.
Second home
A home someone owns who has a high disposable income. Many of these homes are used for weekends or holidays in attractive rural areas.
Advantages of 2nd home ownership
- provides trade for local trades such as builders, plumbers etc.
- tourists
- existing home owners have seen an increase in the value of their homes
- older properties in need of repair have been restored
- tourists do bring in some money to the local area
Disadvantages of 2nd home ownership
- house prices increase due to competition between buyers of second homes causing many youngsters to be outpriced from their own local area
- villages can become ‘sleepy’ as some houses remain empty for much of the year - this has also resulted in the closure of some local shops and services due to a fall in demand
- a reduction in public transport services
- some gentrification / improvements carried out by second home owners are not in keeping
- reduction in community spirit as some houses stay empty for long periods and people are without neighbours
