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Rural-Urban Links > Rural-urban Change > Flashcards

Rural-urban Change Flashcards

1
Q

Urbanisation

A

The physical and human growth of towns and cities. Urbanisation is the growth of urban areas associated with movement of population into them.

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2
Q

Urban places

A

Busy built environments with a high population density

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3
Q

Sphere of influence

A

A sphere of influence covers a geographical area and describes the impact created by a feature or an event. A sphere of influence can be positive or negative.

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4
Q

Deep Green

A

These are remote and isolated rural places with poor road networks. They have lots of open space and very sparse populations.

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5
Q

Rapid Change

A

These rural areas are less densely populated and include some larger towns. Many people living here are commuters who work in urban areas rather than the countryside.

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6
Q

Leisure and amenity

A

Some of the UK’s most beautiful scenery and National Parks are contained in these rural places. They are in remote parts of the UK.

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7
Q

Coastal retirement

A

The population of these seaside towns includes a significant proportion of people who moved here when they retire.

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8
Q

Positive spheres of influence

A

Parks e.g. Hyde Park, London

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9
Q

Event spheres of influence

A

Sports stadiums e.g. Wembley Stadium, London

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10
Q

Global spheres of influence

A

Big cities e.g. London, New York, Mumbai

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11
Q

Settlement

A

A settlement is a place where people live. It can be permanent or temporary.

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12
Q

Urban area

A

An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and services of a built environment.

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13
Q

Rural area

A

A rural area is a place that is located outside towns and cities. Rural areas have a low population density and small settlements.

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14
Q

Net migration

A

Net migration - where more people are moving into an urban area than leaving.

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15
Q

Natural increase

A

Natural increase – where there are more births than deaths.

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16
Q

Push factors

A

Reasons to leave a place

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17
Q

Pull factors

A

Reasons that pull you towards a place to live

18
Q

Counter urbanisation

A

Counter urbanisation is when large numbers of people move from urban areas into rural areas.

19
Q

Population of London

A

8.8 million

20
Q

Population of Oxford

A

150,000

21
Q

Commuting

A

To travel a distance between one’s home and place of work on a regular basis.

22
Q

Second home

A

A home someone owns who has a high disposable income. Many of these homes are used for weekends or holidays in attractive rural areas.

23
Q

Advantages of 2nd home ownership

A
  • provides trade for local trades such as builders, plumbers etc.
  • tourists
  • existing home owners have seen an increase in the value of their homes
  • older properties in need of repair have been restored
  • tourists do bring in some money to the local area
24
Q

Disadvantages of 2nd home ownership

A
  • house prices increase due to competition between buyers of second homes causing many youngsters to be outpriced from their own local area
  • villages can become ‘sleepy’ as some houses remain empty for much of the year - this has also resulted in the closure of some local shops and services due to a fall in demand
  • a reduction in public transport services
  • some gentrification / improvements carried out by second home owners are not in keeping
  • reduction in community spirit as some houses stay empty for long periods and people are without neighbours
25
Q

Remote areas

A

Remote areas are those which are very far from the urban areas and are an isolated community, lacking transportation links.

26
Q

Unsustainable community

A

Too few rural jobs and opportunities

Rural to urban migration is greater than migration to rural areas

Declining rural populations

Reduced demand for schools, shops and other services

Collapse of rural services

Further rural depopulation

27
Q

Deprived community

A

Communities are described as being deprived if they lack features that are usually regarded as necessary for a reasonable standard of living.

28
Q

Why is UK population increasing?

A

People are living longer (greater life expectancy)
Improved healthcare and lifestyles
Natural change (more births than deaths)
Changes in migration

29
Q

Highly skilled immigrants

A

Many people take up well paid jobs in the UK knowledge economy, requiring expertise in law, finance, IT, shipping..
London ‘imports’ experts from overseas, as there aren’t enough in the UK

30
Q

Unskilled immigrants

A

Jobs that are dirty, dangerous and have unsociable hours are rejected by UK workers
These jobs are filled by immigrants in areas such as farming and construction

31
Q

Impacts on housing

A

As the population increases, more homes need to be built.
The number of new homes built as at the lowest amount since 1945.
Because demand for houses is greater than supply, the price of buying homes is rising fast.

32
Q

Impacts on services

A

The number of people using services has increased.

Impacts on hospitals, schools, transport.

33
Q

Ageing population

A

A country which has a high proportion of people aged over 65 is said to have an ageing population

34
Q

Asylum seekers

A

People who move from one country to another because they are in danger or because they are persecuted because of their religious or political views

35
Q

Life expectancy

A

The average age someone can expect to live

36
Q

Birth rate

A

The number of children born in one year for every 1,000 people in the country’s population

37
Q

Brownfield site

A

A development site where older buildings are demolished or renovated before a new development takes place

38
Q

Central Business District (CBD)

A

The area of a town or city in which most shops and offices are clustered together.

39
Q

Dependency

A

When a country relies too heavily on one way of earning foreign income.

40
Q

Economic migrants

A

People who move to another country in search of work

Rural-Urban Links (1 decks)

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