Rural And Urban Settlements

Question 1

Settlement

Answer 1

A group of people, with buildings and communication links that function together as a single, connected system

Question 2

Site

Answer 2

The actual piece of land on which a settlement is built

Question 3

Situation

Answer 3

The position of the settlement in relation to the surrounding environment

Question 4

Rural settlement

Answer 4

Most inhabitants involved in primary economic activities such as farming, fishing, mining or forestry

Question 5

Urban settlement

Answer 5

One in which most of the inhabitants are involved in secondary, tertiary or quaternary economic activities

Question 6

Rural-urban migration

Answer 6

Movement of people from rural areas to urban areas

Question 7

Urbanisation

Answer 7

Process by which an increasing proportion of the population is concentrated in urban areas

Question 8

Rural-depopulation

Answer 8

The decrease in the amount of people in rural areas

Question 9

Countr urbanisation

Answer 9

large numbers of people move from urban areas into surrounding countryside or rural areas.

Question 10

Land reform

Answer 10

To bring about equitable distribution of land ownership and access, by changing laws governing land ownership and access to land tenure

Question 11

Hierarchy

Answer 11

A series of levels or orders

- each level will perform a similar set of functions but each level will be ranked one above the other

Question 12

Threshold population

Answer 12

The minimum number of customers that each service or business in a settlement needs in order to make it profitable

Question 13

Range

Answer 13

The distance people will travel to buy particular goods or services

Question 14

Sphere of influence

Answer 14

The area from which a business, service or settlement draws its customers

Question 15

Low order goods

Answer 15

Less specialised products or items that are cheap and bought everyday at local convenience stores
- found in towns of all sizes

Question 16

High order goods

Answer 16

Specialised goods
- only found in higher order settlements
(E.g. theatre ,hospital, financial services, mall)

Question 17

Footloose industries

Answer 17

Those industries where location is not determined by access to materials or markets.
These industries are service orientated

Question 18

Facadism

Answer 18

Where the front of a building can be retained and new structures are built behind the original facade

Question 19

Gentrification/ chelseafication

Answer 19

The modernization or renovation of old houses in an urban area

Question 20

Ghetto

Answer 20

An area within an urban settlement in which people of a particular cultural or ethnic group live, often in unattractive conditions

Question 21

Slum

Answer 21

Lacking in at least one of the basic conditions of descent housing:
Adequate sanitation, improved water supply, durable housing or adequate living space

Question 22

Urban renewal

Answer 22

Changing to become more modern or ‘user-friendly’

Question 23

Invasion and succession

Answer 23

New landscape takes over original function.

Changing land use of an area

Question 24

Post modern city

Answer 24

Cities that do not fit into traditional patterns and structures of urban settlements.
-they do not have clearly defined center, sometimes have many centers

Question 25

New town

Answer 25

Planned urban settlements built to ease the pressure on existing areas or to inject economic growth into a region.

• should be socially balanced and independent as possible from existing urban areas
• mainly attract younger skilled people

Question 26

Densification

Answer 26

The effective use of city space to enable people with no personal space to use public spaces

Question 27

Edge city

Answer 27

Concentration of business, shopping and entertainment outside a traditional urban area in a residential suburb or semi-rural community

Question 28

Eco-city

Answer 28

Green cities focused around sustainability with the end goal of decreasing their ecological footprint

Question 29

Urban sprawl

Answer 29

The uncontrolled process whereby urban areas expand into the surrounding rural areas

Question 30

Urban decay

Answer 30

The process whereby a previously functioning city or part of a city falls into disrepair

Question 31

Land redistribution

Answer 31

When the state buys land and transfers it to landless people who can’t afford to buy it

Question 32

Land reform

Answer 32

To bring about equitable distribution of land ownership and access, by changing laws governing land ownership and access to land tenure

Question 33

Land tenure reform

Answer 33

To secure the rights of people living under insecure conditions on land owned by others

Question 34

Land restitution

Answer 34

To restore land and compensate individuals and communities who lost land as a result of apartheid policies