Rural And Urban Settlements Flashcards
Definitions
Settlement
A group of people, with buildings and communication links that function together as a single, connected system
Site
The actual piece of land on which a settlement is built
Situation
The position of the settlement in relation to the surrounding environment
Rural settlement
Most inhabitants involved in primary economic activities such as farming, fishing, mining or forestry
Urban settlement
One in which most of the inhabitants are involved in secondary, tertiary or quaternary economic activities
Rural-urban migration
Movement of people from rural areas to urban areas
Urbanisation
Process by which an increasing proportion of the population is concentrated in urban areas
Rural-depopulation
The decrease in the amount of people in rural areas
Countr urbanisation
large numbers of people move from urban areas into surrounding countryside or rural areas.
Land reform
To bring about equitable distribution of land ownership and access, by changing laws governing land ownership and access to land tenure
Hierarchy
A series of levels or orders
- each level will perform a similar set of functions but each level will be ranked one above the other
Threshold population
The minimum number of customers that each service or business in a settlement needs in order to make it profitable
Range
The distance people will travel to buy particular goods or services
Sphere of influence
The area from which a business, service or settlement draws its customers
Low order goods
Less specialised products or items that are cheap and bought everyday at local convenience stores
- found in towns of all sizes
High order goods
Specialised goods
- only found in higher order settlements
(E.g. theatre ,hospital, financial services, mall)
Footloose industries
Those industries where location is not determined by access to materials or markets.
These industries are service orientated
Facadism
Where the front of a building can be retained and new structures are built behind the original facade
Gentrification/ chelseafication
The modernization or renovation of old houses in an urban area
Ghetto
An area within an urban settlement in which people of a particular cultural or ethnic group live, often in unattractive conditions
Slum
Lacking in at least one of the basic conditions of descent housing:
Adequate sanitation, improved water supply, durable housing or adequate living space
Urban renewal
Changing to become more modern or ‘user-friendly’
Invasion and succession
New landscape takes over original function.
Changing land use of an area
Post modern city
Cities that do not fit into traditional patterns and structures of urban settlements.
-they do not have clearly defined center, sometimes have many centers
