Running Notes 81-90 Flashcards
The language used by the people of a specific area, class, district or any other group of people. The term dialect involves the spelling, sounds, grammar and pronunciation used by a particular group of people and it distinguishes them from other people around them.
Dialect
Hubris is extreme pride and arrogance shown by a character that ultimately brings about his downfall. In literature, portrayal of hubristic characters serves to achieve a moralistic end. Such characters are eventually punished thus giving a moral lesson to the audience and the readers so that they are motivated to improve their characters by removing the flaws that can cause a tragedy in their lives. Witnessing a tragic hero suffering due to his hubristic actions, the audience or the readers may fear that the same fate may befall them if they indulge in similar kinds of actions.
Hubris
Literary device used by writers for a prominent character in a play or book that has characteristics opposite to that of a conventional hero. The protagonist is generally admired for his bravery, strength, charm, ingenuity, etc. While an Anti-Hero is typically clumsy, unsolicited, and unskilled and has both good and bad qualities. The origin of this literary device is marked in 1714 but there have been literary figures who believe that the concept of an Anti-Hero existed well before that. Recently, the usage of anti-hero in television and books has increased and became older than ever. Nowadays, there are thousands of shows, books and movies that portray such characters who are widely admitted by audiences.
Anti-Hero
A persuasive technique and a type or propaganda through which a writer persuades his readers, so that the majority could agree with the argument of the writer, suggesting since the majority agrees, the readers should too, such as “Everyone is voting for David, so definitely he is the best presidential candidate.” The phrase bandwagon means, “Jump on the bandwagon,” or to follow what others are conforming or doing.
Bandwagon
The purpose of this technique is to make the audience think and act in a way that majority follows. This tendency of following the beliefs and actins occurs when audience sees others are also conforming. We see its usage in literature, politics, and advertisements, etc. This is a good approach for persuasive writing that successfully works on human minds and physiology. Conversely, writers often use it as a pressure tactic by creating a sense of fear among the readers if they do not agree with their beliefs.
Bandwagon-Function
We can easily find the use of propaganda techniques in mass media advertising politics and literature. It is a very popular technique in academic commentary and is taken as an interchangeable form of communication. The primary function of propaganda is to persuade the readers and mold their perception about a particular cause. In addition, it aims at getting response of respondents and let them adopt a certain action, because merely securing a commitment or assent would not be rough for making this technique successful, and securing its purpose.
Propaganda
Appeals to a persons imagination of something we like or trust. Trump: “Make America Great Again”. “Our school will rise to the top again.”
Propaganda- Transfer
These words are used to dupe us into accepting and approving of things without examining the evidence carefully. Ex: “Natural”, “Democratic”, “Organic”, “Scientific”, “Ecological”, “Sustainable”.
Propaganda- Glittering Generalities: Virtue Words
This represents another type of Propaganda that fits into a particular category of its own. When some respected celebrity ( or alternatively someone generally hated) claims that an idea or product is good ( or bad). This technique is used to convince us without examining the facts more carefully.
Propaganda -Testimonial
This type of propaganda is used by a speaker to convince an audience that an idea is good because they are the same ideas of the vast majority of people like themselves. Very similar to “bandwagon” but with the exception that the speaker or writer is convincing the audience that they (speaker) is just “plain folks” like them.
Propaganda- Plain Folks
