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Running Gait > Running Gait > Flashcards

Running Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 differences between walking and running gait.

A
  1. running gait has a double float period (both feet off ground)
  2. running gait is/has a quicker cycle
  3. ground reaction forces are higher w/running gait (2-6 x body weight)
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2
Q

What are the phases of running gait, in sequence.

A

Support phase breaks down into foot strike, mid-support and take-off.
Swing phase breaks down into follow-through, forward swing and foot descent.

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3
Q

Foot strike is defined as…?

A

the point when the foot makes the first touch with the ground.

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4
Q

How are the loading forces controlled at foot strike?

A

eccentrically

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5
Q

Mid-support is defined as…?

A

When the foot is flat on the ground, mid-support begins.

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6
Q

How does the body respond to the ground reaction forces during mid-support?

A

the body absorbed the ground reaction forces; this is called the breaking phase.

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7
Q

Take-off is defined as…?

A

When the body moves anterior to the stance leg, until the foot leaves the ground.

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8
Q

What is the propulsion phase?

A

same thing as the take-off phase.

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9
Q

What propels the body forward during the take-off phase?

A
  • lower limb muscles concentric contraction.

- stored potential energy in tendons

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10
Q

The greatest risk of injury during running is at what phase?

A

Take-off (aka propulsion phase)

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11
Q

The swing phase is also referred to as the _____ phase?

A

recovery phase

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12
Q

What is the purpose of swing phase?

A

to return the limb to a position that is ready for foot contact. In addition, the swinging limb adds momentum and increasing efficiency.

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13
Q

Follow-through is defined by…?

A

the end of backward momentum of the leg, where the knee reaches maximal flexion (60°)

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14
Q

Forward swing is defined by…?

A

When the limb begins to drive forward.

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15
Q

Foot decent is defined by…?

A

starts as the limb begins to prepare for foot contact.

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16
Q

When does double float take place?

A

at the beginning and end of the swing phase.

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17
Q

During running, the pelvis is _____ rotated at foot contact and continues after foot contact until it reaches maximal rotation at __________.

A

externally; mid-support

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18
Q

After reaching maximal external rotation at mid-support the pelvis begins to ______ _______ so that by take-off the pelvis is relatively _____ in the traverse plane.

A

internally rotate; neutral

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19
Q

What are the primary muscles working from foot contact to foot flat (the braking phase)?

A
  • anterior (ecc.) & posterior calf muscles (conc.)
  • quads (co-contracting)
  • hip extensors & abductors (ecc.)
  • hamstrings (conc.)
20
Q

What is happening to the tendons during the breaking phase?

A

tendons are being stretched, absorbing energy, and storing it as potential energy. The tendons will return 90% of that energy during the propulsion phase as kinetic energy.

21
Q

What are the primary muscles working from flat foot to take-off (the propulsion phase)?

A
  • calf (conc.)
  • quads (ecc.)
  • hamstings (conc.)
  • glutes (conc.)
22
Q

Are the glues, hamstrings, quads, and calf muscles activating more in the breaking phase or the propulsion phase, and why?

A

activate more during the breaking phase b/c the propulsion energy comes mainly form the recoil of elastic energy stored during the first half of stance.

23
Q

What single muscle generates the primary during the propulsive phase?

A

gastrocnemius

24
Q

What is the primary force generator for forward swing?

A

hip flexors

25
Q

What muscle contract to abduct the hip and provide hip lift?

A

glute medius (conc.)

26
Q

What muscle is active during forward swing (mid-swing) to control excessive knee flexion?

A

rectus femoris (co-contact w/hamstrings)

27
Q

What muscle slows knee extension just before foot contact, during foot decent?

A

hamstings (ecc.)

28
Q

What muscle dorsiflexes the foot; and then controls foot slap at the initiation of foot contact?

A

tibialis anterior; dorsiflexion (conc.) and (ecc.) foot slap

29
Q

Runner should not increase pace or volume more than ___% each week?

A

10%

30
Q

Long run for the week should exceed __% of total weekly running milage.

A

30%

31
Q

Important for runners to rest __ to __ hours between successive training sessions.

A

48 to 72 hours

32
Q

A common fault in novice runners is?

A

over-striding; this contributes to excessive breaking forces

33
Q

Joint motion, in degrees, at the hip, knee, and foot during foot strike?

A

hip - 20-50° flexion
knee - 15-40° flexion
foot - 10° DF

34
Q

Joint motion, in degrees, at the hip, knee, and foot during mid-support?

A

hip - 30° flexion
knee - 20° flexion
foot - 20° DF

35
Q

Joint motion, in degrees, at the hip, knee, and foot during take-off?

A

hip - 10° extension
knee - 0° flexion
foot - 25° PF

36
Q

Joint motion, in degrees, at the hip, knee, and foot during follow-through?

A

hip - 5° extension
knee - 20° flexion
foot - 10° PF

37
Q

Joint motion, in degrees, at the hip, knee, and foot during forward swing?

A

hip - 10-60° flexion
knee - 125° flexion
foot - 10° PF

38
Q

Joint motion, in degrees, at the hip, knee, and foot during foot descent?

A

hip - 40° flexion
knee - 40-20° flexion
foot - 10° DF

39
Q

What speed is the transition from walking to running gait?

A

varies but commonly between 4.5 and 5.0 mph

40
Q

Sagittal plane difference between men and women?

A

women generate more power from hips

41
Q

Frontal plane difference between men and women?

A

women have increased adduction angle

42
Q

Transverse plane difference between men and women?

A

women has more IR at hip than men

43
Q

Knee sagittal plane differences between men and women?

A

almost no difference

44
Q

Knee frontal plane differences between men and women?

A

women have increased abduction angle

45
Q

Knee transverse plane differences?

A

women have increased ER

Running Gait (1 decks)

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