Running economy + Overtraining

Question 1

Define running economy

Answer 1

steady state of Vo2, act as a given running velocity, reflects the energy demand of running at a constant submaximal speed

Question 2

What are some determinants of running economy

Answer 2

Cardiorespiratory efficiency: HR
Metabolic Efficiency: substrate utilization
Training: training, history
Biomechanical+ Neuromuscular: Kinetics

Question 3

Define minute ventilation

Answer 3

Measurement of the amount of air the enters the lungs per minute
Tidal Volume x Respiratory

Question 4

Outline muscle fiber types

Answer 4

Type 1and IIA fibers- primarily use oxidative metabolism
Type IIX- glycolytic metabolism

Question 5

Define progressive overload

Answer 5

gradually increasing the demands on the musculoskeletal system to improve muscle size, strength and endurance

Question 6

Define overtraining

Answer 6

in balance between training and recovery. 2 main outcomes: overreaching and overtraining syndrome

Question 7

Define FOR, NFOR,OS

Answer 7

Functional Overreaching- positive, adaption to aid performance. Days to weeks
Non-functional Overreaching- Negative, appropriate recovery time is not provided. Weeks to months.
Overtraining syndrome- months to years. Persistent fatigue, mood changes, altered hormonal response

Question 8

Variables for identifying NFOR or OTS

Answer 8

Hormones, Heart Rate, Blood lactate, Exercise performance, Mood

Question 9

Outline the role of cortisol

Answer 9

catabolic hormone, controlled by the hypothalamus, pituitary -adrenal (HPA) axis
Regulates stress response, metabolism, inflammatory response, immune function

Question 10

why are hormones variable for stress response

Answer 10

acute bouts of stress elevate stress hormone secretion
stress may lead to hormonal imbalances
Catabolic/anabolic relationship needs to be balanced

Question 11

Outline the role of testosterone

Answer 11

Controlled by the Hypothalamic -Pituitary- Gondal (HPG) axis
Regulates sexual development, RBC production

Question 12

Outline Hugh et al., findings

Answer 12

Blunted response of cortisol and testosterone following 11 days of intensified training

Question 13

What signals overtraining in maximum HR

Answer 13

Reduced maximum HR
partly regulated by hormones known as catecholamines, released from the adrenal glands and travel to the heart, exposure of high levels bad, downregulation of beta-adrenoreceptors occur

Question 14

OT state in sleeping HR

Answer 14

Heart rate increases
Increased signaling and activity of the SNS

Question 15

OT state in resting HR

Answer 15

Resting HR is not valid indicator
Moderate increase

Question 16

OT state blood lactate response

Answer 16

Needs to be used in addition to another monitoring techniques