``` 1 = astrocytes (& choroid plexus) 3 = neurons 5 = microglia ```

Running deck of shit you still dont have memorized Flashcards by Iris Hart

What arteries can compress CN 5?

Abberrant arteries of Superior Cerebellar

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What A. can compress CN 7?

AICA

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When I say meningomyelocele you say:

Chiari Type 2 (aqua ductal stenosis)

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When I say Syringocelia you say:

Chiari Type 1 (tonsils)

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Anytime you have crossed sensory findings of body & face you know you are in the _______.

medulla

STN in medulla – lateral medullary syndrome

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Where is the lesion for decerabrate posture?

Below red nucleus (R.N. = in midbrain)

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What artery supplies medial leminiscus?

ASA

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Lesion of ALS =

Numbness, tingling, prickling

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Indirect ALS =

Spinoreticular fibers

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ICA + Ant. comm. =

CN 2

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AICA + Labrynithine =

CN 6

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subdural

venous

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Intracerebral hemorrhage = from

MCA

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What arteries does transtentorial compress?

PCA (vision)
CN 3
Basilar

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Which herniation causes breathing + HR issues from compressing the medulla?

Tonsilar

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Uncal

Kernihan + impinge on midbrain

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Why is CSF more acidic?

Cl- + CO2

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Glut 1, 3, 5

1 = astrocytes (&amp; choroid plexus)
3 = neurons
5 = microglia

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schwann cells =

NC (Oligo = NE)

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4 consequences of increased intracellular Ca:

Phospholipase A –> elf2 alpha = decrease in PS and increase in apoptosis
U-caplain (preotlysis of neurones)
calcineurin (excess NO)
apoptotic pathway

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euphoria =

mu (dysphoria - kappa) m= metabotrophic

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Where are purines (ATP, adenosine) found?

Cortex, Cerebellum, Hippocampus, Basal Ganglia

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Gaba A uses

Cl- (B = K+)

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adenosine

P1 (A) - metabotropic

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endocanabinoids

CB-1 -anti inflammatory (decreases EAA release)

what do you need for consciousness?

arousal + awakefulness (require activation of cortex)

In a persistent vegetative state you still have:

sleep wake cycles --> but not aware | coma = nothing

NMDA =

synaptic plasticity + memory

Non-NMDA =

sensory afferent

parabrachial nuclei =

ventral only

which pathway has intralaminar nucleus of thalamus?

dorsal | *ventral SKIPS thalamus*

What is lost in RAS?

modal specificity

In communicating hydrocephalus, where is the CSF blockage?

AFTER it exits ventricles (problem w/ reabsorption)

Dandy-Walker symtoms:

4th ventricle enlarged + cerebellar hypoplasia

"thunderclap headache"

aquaductal stenosis

Lissencephaly timescale

weeks 12-24 = neuronal migragation

What is hydranencephaly?

no cerebral hemispheres | NO cognitive development

What is holoprosencephaly?

Cerebral hemispheres don't separate all the way Intelectual Disability Weird face

Spastic cerebral palsy

Sizzor gait + tow walking (damage next to ventricles)

Athetoid Cerebral Palsy

Damage to basal ganglia (slow mvmt)

Ataxic cerebral palsy

Damage to cerebellum (shaking)

Which receptors = SA?

``` Merkel Disc (touch) Raffini Corpuscle (skin stretch) ```

Which receptors = RA?

``` Meissner Corpuscle (Tap, Flutter) Hair Follicle (motion + direction) Pacinian Corpuscle (Vibration) ```

Which receptors have a small receptive field?

Merkels Disk + Meissner Corpuscle | *M&M's are tiny!*

Which signals make it so too much sensory input doesn't overwhelm you?

Corticofugal signals

C =

EAA + SP/CGRP

A delta =

EAA

Where do fibers in PCMLS cross?

Medulla @ IAFibers (after nucleus gracilis)

Nuclear chain

onset of stretch

Nuclear chain

onset of stretch (length)

Nuclear bag

Progression of stretch (change in length)

LMN = flaccid paralysis, why?

took out final common pathway

Polyneuropathy

Stocking Glove presentation (distal --> proximal)

What has to be bilateral: Ant. cord syndrome or syringomyelia?

Anterior cord

What usually causes central cord syndrome (compression/damage to SC)?

Cervical Hyperextension

What usually causes central cord syndrome (compression/damage to SC)?

Cervical Hyperextension

What is Webers Syndrome (midbrain)?

Weber's syndrome, also known as superior alternating hemiplegia, is a form of stroke characterized by the presence of an ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy (down + out eye) and contralateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia.

Medial medullary syndrome involves the pyramids, which causes which symptoms?

UMN Sx's

Which fibers are used in the myotactic reflex?

Ia (muscle spindles) --> A alpha

Which fibers are used in the G.T.O reflex?

Ib --> A alpha

sharp pain =

A delta

Myotatic strecth reflex=

Shorten a strecthed muscle to prevent from tearing

Do gamma intrafusal fibers contract?

NO, they control sensitivity --> only alpha (extrafusal) contract

In decrebrate, rigitity & spasticity =

rigity - alpha continutal activation | spascitiy - gamma continually activated (brainstem inhibityory region not active)

Trigeminal first, 2nd, + 3rd order neurons:

``` 1 = trigeminal ganglion 2 = principal sensory nucleus 3 = VPM ```