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Carbon And Water! > Run Off Variation And Flood Hydrograph > Flashcards

Run Off Variation And Flood Hydrograph Flashcards

1
Q

What is run off affected by

A

Precipitation

Seasons

Soil type

Type and density of vegetation

Relief

Soil water

Rock type

Type and density of run off

Human activities

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2
Q

How does precipitation affect run off

A

V heavy precipitation= less infil, more overland, more run off and faster

Low = less run off

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3
Q

How does seasons affect run off

A

Autumn leaf cover - intercept and infiltrate

Summer - higher temps = more evapotranspiration - less run off

Winter - less veg, less evap, and trans, more rain, so soil saturated - through flow - river

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4
Q

How does soil type affect run off

A

Impermeable dry soil - compact

Permeable - more infiltration, throughflow, groundflow - slower run off

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5
Q

How does type and density of vegetation affect run off

A

More dense veg - more trans - slower run off

Trees - more infil (roots, throughflow and more run off) and trans (less run off)

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6
Q

How does relief affect run off

A

Steep - faster run off, less infiltration

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7
Q

How does soil water affect run off

A

Saturated - slower infiltration - faster run off

Dry- greater infiltration, through flow, ground water flow SLOWER

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8
Q

How does rock type affect run off

A

Permeable (chalk pores, limestone cracks) = more percolation = slower run off? As groundwater slow

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9
Q

How does type and density of run off affect run off

A

Higher intensity - more run off, infiltration etc

Snow - set - slower run of - melts - infiltrate, or of fast - overland fl

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10
Q

How does human activities affect run off

A

Reservoir = big store

Impermeable surfaces inc runcoff

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11
Q

How does runcoff affect global water cycle

A

More runcoff = more in oceans

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12
Q

Hydrograph characteristics

A

Rising limb

Basin lag time

Peak flow

Recession limbo

Storm flow

Rainfall intensity

Peakflow compared to baseflow

Recovery rate back to base flow

Run off

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13
Q

What is the rising limb

A

Rising water from start of rainfall

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14
Q

What is basin lag time

A

Highest rainfall time to highest discharge in river

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15
Q

What is peak flow

A

Highest discharge in river

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16
Q

What is recession limb

A

Water dec after peak flow

17
Q

What is storm flow

A

Made up of throughflow, channel and precipitation and overland flow

18
Q

What is rainfsll intensity

A

How intense rain is - shown by bar chart - difference between bars

19
Q

What is peakflow compared to base flow

A

Peakflow = highest discharge in river

Baseflow = flow of water in rocks high

20
Q

What is the recovery rate back to base flow

A

Recession limb

21
Q

How does a hudrograph show run off variation

A

Line

22
Q

Drainage basin and precipitation characteristics

Basin size

A

Small - rapid water transfer

Large - slower water transfer

23
Q

Drainage basin and prec characteristics

Drainage density

A

High density - speeds water transfer

Low - slow

24
Q

Drainage basin and prec characteristics

Rock type

A

Imper - rapid overland flow

Permeable - enc slow transfer

25
Q

Drainage basin and prec characteristics

Landuse

A

Urbanisation - rapid water transfer - forests slow due interception

26
Q

Drainage basin and prec characteristics

Relief

A

Steep slopes = rapid overland flow

Dry soil = soaks up water and slows it’s transfer

27
Q

Drainage basin and prec characteristics

Soil water

A

Saturated spike- rapid overlandflow

Dry soil - soaks up water and slow transfer

28
Q

Drainage basin and prec characteristics

Rainfall intensity

A

Heavy rain - exceed infiltration capacity of veg and lead to overland flow

Light rain - transfer slowly

Carbon And Water! (17 decks)

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