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Animal Husbandry > Ruminants Digestion > Flashcards

Ruminants Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

what does the rumen absorb

A

VFA’s from fermentation and NH4 to maintain pH

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2
Q

reticulum lining type

A

hexagon

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3
Q

reticulum function

A

mechanical breakdown and microbial femrantation

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4
Q

omasum function

A

absorb fluid, expel solids to abomasum

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5
Q

abomasum function

A

release HCL and pepsinogen

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6
Q

duodenum function

A

neutralizes stomach acid

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7
Q

jejenum function

A

absorption

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8
Q

illeum function

A

absorbs remaining nutrients and vit B12

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9
Q

three end products of microbes

A

VFA - energy source
ammonia - form microbial protein
gasses - waste products

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10
Q

cell wall contents in carbs

A

cellulose and hemicellulose

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11
Q

cell contents in carbs

A

starch and water soluble sugars

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12
Q

threew short chain fatty acids in gut

A

acetate
butyrate
propionate

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13
Q

acetate function

A

synthesis of fatty acids in adipose

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14
Q

butyrate function

A

energy to rumen wall

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15
Q

propionate

A

provides energy via conversion of blood glucose in liver

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16
Q

UDP in abomasum

A

undegraded dietary proteins - protein not broekn down in rumen then passed to abomasum

17
Q

what helps microbes in rumen grow

A

nitrogen and amino acids

18
Q

what proteins can the rumen not digest

A

Undegraded dietary proteins (UDP) and microbial crude proteins (MCP)

19
Q

lipid digestion location and why

A

most fats are triglycerides and cannot be digested in rumen
fats saturated in rumen

20
Q

FME and ERDP correlation

A

FME - fermentable metabolisable energy
ERDP - effective rumen degradable protien
need to be equal as they balance each other out in rumen

21
Q

energy consumed calculation

A

= DM x MJ/kg DM

22
Q

two main nutrition aspects in neonate milk

A

crude fat and crude protein

23
Q

how does food move back up to mouth for remastication

A
  1. reticulum contracts = floods cardia with food
  2. antiperistaltic contraction = food drawn into oesphagus
    need expansion of thorax and closed upper airway
24
Q

what brain stem controls ruminant stomach

A

vagus
(CN X)

25
Q

omasum lining structure

A

folds

26
Q

gastric groove in neonates fuinction

A

muscular channel top bypass riumen, reticulum and omasum to abomasum for milk

27
Q

two environmental constans for fermentation

A

continuous intake of food to match outflow
pH regulation - bicarbonate in saliva

28
Q

3 steps of cellulose digestion in rumen

A
  1. complex sugars to simple sugars = EXTRACELLULAR microbial enzymes
  2. simple sugars to pyruvate = intracellular microbial enzymes
  3. pyruvate to VFA and gas waste = INTRACELLULAR microbial enzymes
29
Q

which step of gluconeogenesis/glycolysis does acetate and butyrate go into

A

become Acetyl CoA before krebs

30
Q

where does propionate fit into gluconeogenesis/glycolysis cycle

A

on OAA in citric acid cycle
3CV fatty acid metabolized differntly

31
Q

pros of hindgut fermenters

A

dont need as high quality diet as they regurgtate

32
Q

recumbent cow definition

A

cow lying down - unable to stand

33
Q

common location of bloat

A

left paralumbar fossa

34
Q

free gas bloat causes

A
  • lateral recumbency = fluid blocks cardia so no eructation
  • plysical obstruction = choke
  • lack of rumen motility = tetanus, milk fever, acidosis
35
Q

frothy bloat causes

A
  • pasture bloat = displaced abomasum
  • grain overload
36
Q

treatment for free gas bloat

A

stomach tube/trinchar/cannula to release stomach gas

37
Q

treatment for foamy bloat

A

anti-foaming agent

38
Q

common abomasum problems

A

ketosis
displaced abomasum (LDA/RDA)
fatty liver

Animal Husbandry (2 decks)

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