Rules Unit 3

Question 1

Nasal Assimilation*

Answer 1

Affects prefixes ending in n

n–>m

Question 2

Voice Assimilation*

Answer 2

Voiced –> Voiceless
Voiceless–> Voiced
-occurs any time one sound alters its voice feature to become more like a nearby sound
-look for roots ending in c, g, b, or p
-most cases involve velar stops [k] ‘c’ and [g] ‘g’
-A few cases involve alternation between [b] and [p]

Question 3

Total Assimilation*

Answer 3

C–>C1

• Sound changes to become exactly like a nearby sound (except n–>m before another m)
• double letters are an indicator/try to parse between double letters
• Common with prefixes

Question 4

Vowel Deletion*

Answer 4

• Two types affected
  1. morphemes ending in a vowel
  2. morphemes ending in a vowel + r
• a vowel in the first morpheme is deleted when the following morpheme begins with a vowel

Question 5

Vowel Insertion*

Answer 5

• ø–>e

- accounts for filler letters

Question 6

U insertion*

Answer 6

Effects morphemes ending in:

1. A consonant + I
2. Consonant + I + silent e

Question 7

Rhotacism

Answer 7

s–>r

• look for roots with allomorphs ending in s or r
• changes allomorph ending in s to allomorph ending in r

Question 8

Extra s deletion

Answer 8

• look for roots beginning with s

- imagine if s was dropped and ex- was added

Question 9

C deletion

Answer 9

• be suspicious of all words ending in -sis

- root before this suffix may be missing a final consonant

Question 10

t insertion

Answer 10

-the filler (t)

Question 11

Greet mat formation

Answer 11

• Greek roots ending in -m, -ma, or -me

- These may change to -mat when followed by a vowel

Question 12

d to s

Answer 12

-look for roots with allomorphs ending t & s or ss

Question 13

v to u

Answer 13

look for roots ending in v with an allomorph containing a u instead

Question 14

el & ol to ul

Answer 14

roots ending in el/ol change to ul

Question 15

ex- to e-

Answer 15

ex- changes to e-