Rules of pinyin Flashcards
1
Q
bilabial/labiodental initials
A
p, b, m, f
formed using the lips/the lips and teeth
2
Q
alveolar initials
A
t, d, n, l, c, z, s
top of the tongue on the ridge behind the top front teeth
3
Q
retroflex initials
A
ch, zh, sh, r
tongue curled backwards
4
Q
palatal (dorsal) inital
A
q, j, x
back of the tongue against the hard roof of the mouth, tip of the tongue
5
Q
velar initals
A
k, g, h
top of the tongue on the ridge behind the top fron teeth
6
Q
a - vowels
A
an, ang, ai, ao
7
Q
o - vowels
A
ou, ong
8
Q
e - vowels
A
en, eng, ei, er
9
Q
u - vowels
A
ua, uo, uai, ui, uan, un, uang
10
Q
i - vowels
A
in, ia, iao, ie, iu, ian, iang, ing, iong
11
Q
ü - vowels
A
üe, üan, ün
