Rules Of Inference

Question 1

What is an argument in logic?

Answer 1

An argument is a set of statements where some statements (premises) support another statement (conclusion).

Question 2

What are premises?

Answer 2

Premises are statements that provide support or evidence for the conclusion in an argument.

Question 3

What is a conclusion?

Answer 3

A conclusion is the statement in an argument that is supported by the premises.

Question 4

True or False: An argument can have more than one conclusion.

Answer 4

False.

Question 5

What is the purpose of rules of inference?

Answer 5

Rules of inference provide the logical structure for deriving conclusions from premises.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: In a valid argument, if the premises are true, the conclusion must be ______.

Answer 6

true.

Question 7

Identify the type of argument: ‘If it rains, the ground will be wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet.’

Answer 7

Modus Ponens.

Question 8

Identify the type of argument: ‘If it rains, the ground will be wet. The ground is not wet. Therefore, it is not raining.’

Answer 8

Modus Tollens.

Question 9

True or False: A sound argument must be valid and have true premises.

Answer 9

True.

Question 10

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a rule of inference? A) Modus Ponens B) Disjunctive Syllogism C) Ad Hominem D) Modus Tollens

Answer 10

C) Ad Hominem.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: An argument is ______ if it is structured such that true premises guarantee a true conclusion.

Answer 11

valid.

Question 12

Identify the type of argument: ‘Either it is raining or it is sunny. It is not raining. Therefore, it is sunny.’

Answer 12

Disjunctive Syllogism.

Question 13

What is hypothetical syllogism?

Answer 13

Hypothetical syllogism allows one to derive a conclusion from two conditional statements.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: An argument is ______ if it is based on weak or insufficient evidence.

Answer 14

invalid.

Question 15

True or False: The strength of an argument depends solely on the truth of the premises.

Answer 15

False.

Question 16

What is the role of a conclusion in an argument?

Answer 16

The conclusion summarizes the main claim being supported by the premises.

Question 17

What is the primary purpose of using rules of inference?

Answer 17

To derive logical conclusions from premises.

Question 18

True or False: Modus Ponens states that if ‘P implies Q’ and ‘P’ is true, then ‘Q’ must also be true.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The rule of inference known as __________ allows us to conclude ‘not P’ if ‘P implies Q’ and ‘Q’ is false.

Answer 19

Modus Tollens

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of Disjunctive Syllogism? A) P or Q; not P; therefore Q. B) If P then Q; P; therefore Q.

Answer 20

A) P or Q; not P; therefore Q.

Question 21

Define the term ‘premise’ in the context of logical reasoning.

Answer 21

A premise is a statement or proposition that provides the basis for an argument or inference.

Question 22

What conclusion can be drawn using Hypothetical Syllogism from the premises ‘If P then Q’ and ‘If Q then R’?

Answer 22

If P then R.

Question 23

True or False: Conjunction allows us to combine two true statements into one.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is the conclusion of the argument: ‘If it rains, the ground will be wet. It is raining. What can we conclude?’

Answer 24

The ground will be wet.

Question 25

Identify the rule of inference used: ‘P implies Q; Q is false; therefore, P is false.’

Answer 25

This is an application of Modus Tollens.

Question 26

List one common application of rules of inference in real life.

Answer 26

Rules of inference are commonly used in legal reasoning to derive conclusions from evidence.