Rules and Grammar Flashcards
What is the basic sentence structure?
Subject-Object-Verb
What is the present form of a verb?
ます (masu)
What is the past tense form of a verb?
ました(mashita)
What is the negative form of a verb?
ません(masen)
What is the past negative form of a verb?
ませんでした(masendeshita)
What do you put on the end of a sentence to make it a question?
か(ka)
What type of particle is “は (wa)”?
A topic maker
This particle indicates the topic of the sentence.
What type of particle is “が (ga)”?
A subject marker
This particle highlights the subject or introduces new information.
What type of particle is “を (o)”?
An Object marker
This particle indicates the direct object of a verb.
What type of particle is “に (ni)”?
A direction/time marker
This particle indicates the destination, time, or indirect object.
What type of particle is “へ(e)”?
A direction marker
This particle indicates the direction towards which something moves (often interchangeable with “に(ni)”).
What type of particle is “で(de)”?
A location marker
This particle indicates where an action takes place.
What type of particle is “と(to)”?
An And/with marker
This particle connects nouns or indicates companionship.
What type of particle is “の(no)”?
A possessive marker
This particle indicates possession or a descriptive relationship between nouns
What type of particle is “も(mo)”?
An also/too marker
This particle indicates inclusion or similarity
What type of particle is “や(ya)”?
An and(non-exhaustive list) marker
This particle connects nouns, suggesting there are more items not listed
What type of particle is “しか(Shika)”?
An Only marker (with negation)
This particle indicates exclusivity, usually with a negative verb
What type of particle is “けど(kedo)”?
A but/however marker
This particle indicates a contrast or softens a statement
