Rules

Question 1

Pre-fortis clipping

Answer 1

When a long vowel or a vowel glide is followed by a fortis consonant, the length of the vowel is reduced or clipped.
kɑːz/ –>/z/ lenis (voiced) /pɑːk/ –> /k/ fortis (voiceless)

Question 2

Plural, 3rd person singular form of the present simple tense or genitive case (‘s).

Answer 2

When a noun in the singular form ends with a voiced sound, the plural form would be pronounced as /z/. When a verb in its infinitive ends with a voiced sound, the conjugation form would be pronounced as /z/.

When a noun in the singular form ends with a voiceless sound, the plural would be pronounced as /s/. When a verb in its infinitive form ends with a voiceless sound, the conjugation would be pronounced as /s/.

When a noun in the singular form ends with a sibilant sound, the plural would be pronounced as /ɪz/. When a verb in its infinitive form ends with a sibilant sound, the conjugation would be pronounced as /ɪz/.

Question 3

Rule for regular verbs past form

Answer 3

When the infinitive form of the verb ends with a voiced sound, the conjugation would be pronounced as /d/

When the infinitive form of the verb ends with a voiceless sound, the conjugation would be pronounced as /t/

When the infinitive form of the verb ends with /d/ /t/, the conjugation would be pronounced as /ɪd/

Question 4

Linking R

Answer 4

/r/ sound in final position is not pronounced in British English so it won’t be transcribed either. However, when a vowel comes after it, the /r/ will be pronounced and it’s called “linking r”. 
In RP (rapid speech), the /r/ is not pronounced when it is preceded by a vowel and followed by another consonant or silence. If the words car, turn, more, particular, for etc are said in isolation, then the /r/ is not pronounced.

Question 5

Consonant cluster

Answer 5

The consonant becomes syllabic when it takes the place of the vowel that’s being dropped. Happened –> /’hæpnd/ (schwa is dropped between /p/ and /n/)

Question 6

Dentalization

Answer 6

When a dental sound comes after an alveolar sound, we produce the closure of the alveolar sound but release the air in the dental position
What happened then? –> /wɒt ‘hæpnd ðen/