Rulership, to Charlemagne Flashcards
when was the Sutton Hoo helmet found?
in 1939 in East Anglia
what does the Sutton Hoo helmet exemplify?
the changes from Roman rule to barbarian (beyond the Empire) kingship
what was the main form of rulership that emerged after the Roman period?
kingship
what were some influences on medieval concepts of kingship?
pre-Roman and non-Roman concepts, Roman administration, military and civil service collapse, biblical rulers
what is Temair/Tara?
a prehistoric site and traditional centre of kingship in Ireland
how many kingdoms were there in Ireland around 800 AD?
as many as 100
what marks the end of Roman rule in Brittania?
the year 410 AD
what are some of the major early kingdoms in Brittania?
Mercia, Rheged, Gwynedd, among others
what was the heptarchy?
the seven major English kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Sussex, Kent, and Wessex
what does the Staffordshire Hoard indicate?
the wealth and military connections of the Mercian kingdom
which kings were known for writing laws in Old English in the 7th century?
Alfred the Great of Wessex and Hywel Da of Gwynedd
what was the significance of women like Rhianifellt (princess of Rheged) and Bertha (Frankish princess) in medieval rulership?
they held political power and influenced significant events, such as marriages and religious conversions
what advantage did the Frankish kingdoms have over the British ones?
much larger, less kingdoms, under the control of one dynasty - a ruling family
what did Charlemagne use to perpetuate Roman ideas of rule?
coinage in the style of Roman coins
what was the Carolingian Empire built on?
the framework of the Merovingian kingdoms
who crowned Charlemagne as Emperor?
Pope Leo III
what was a major infrastructure achievement of Byzantium?
the basilica cistern and aqueducts
who was Empress Theodora?
a powerful and influential woman in Byzantium, known as chief advisor and target of riots
what did the survival of bureaucracy in Byzantium signify?
continuity from the Roman Empire
when is King Arthur first mentioned?
9th and 10th century Welsh texts
what distinguishes the early kingdoms of Britannia in the 7th century?
regional kings fighting against one another
what geographic distinctions existed in early medieval Britannia?
there were distinctions between east and west (language divide) and north and south (peaceful vs militarised)
what was Yeavering and its significance?
a site in Northumberland with large timber halls, representing the departure from Roman traditions and showing a mix of Roman and local influences
what does the Staffordshire Hoard reveal about international connections?
it includes items with materials like garnets imported from Sri Lanka, showing wide trade routes and connections
who was Iurminburg and what was her significance?
the wife of Northumbrian king Ecgfrith, politically influential, and had her own soldiers
what did the Byzantine-Sassanian war (602-628 AD) demonstrate about Byzantium?
the enduring strength and resilience of Byzantine rulership and military power
