RULE 3: Periods, Time Factors and Substitutions Flashcards
After the officials’ jurisdiction has begun, a few home team players enter the playing enclosure without their game jersey, and do not have their numeral readily visible
RULING: The players with no game jersey or numeral readily visible must immediately leave the playing enclosure. The head coach or
assistant coach(es) on the field may help with this situation.
During overtime, Other than on the try, Team B scores a touchdown after intercepting a forward pass, intercepting or recovering a backward pass or fumble, or returning a blocked field goal attempt.
RULING: Period and game are ended, and Team
B is the winner.
During the first possession series of a period, Team B intercepts a forward pass, or intercepts or recovers a fumble or a backward pass, and does not score a touchdown.
RULING: Team A’s possession series is ended and Team B starts its series. Team B becomes Team A when the referee declares the ball ready for play.
During the first possession series of a period, Team A’s field goal attempt is blocked and does not cross the neutral zone. Team A recovers the ball and runs for a touchdown
RULING: Six points for Team A. Team B begins its possession series after the try
Team A’s field goal attempt is blocked and does not cross the neutral zone. A23 recovers the ball and is tackled beyond the line to gain
RULING: TeamA retains the ball to continue its possession series. First and 10.
On first, second or third down, Team A’s field goal attempt is blocked and does not cross the neutral zone. A23 recovers the ball and is tackled short of
the line to gain
RULING: Team A’s ball, next down
During the first possession series of a period, Team B gains possession and then loses possession to Team A, which (a) scores a touchdown; (b) does not score a touchdown
RULING: (a) The score counts. In both (a) and (b), Team A’s possession series ends and Team B begins its possession series.
During the first possession series of a period, Team A fumbles into Team B’s end zone on second down of a series. Team B recovers and downs the ball in its end zone
RULING: Team A’s possession series is ended. Team B begins its possession series.
During the first possession series of a period, B10 intercepts a forward pass on his six-yard line and downs the ball in his end zone.
RULING: Safety: two points for Team A. Team A’s possession series is over. Team B will put the ball in play, first and 10 on the 25-yard line at the same end of the field
Team A’s field goal attempt is untouched beyond the neutral zone until B17 muffs it at the five-yard line. A75 recovers at the three-yard line
RULING: Team A’s possession series continues; first down for Team A at the three-yard line.
On the first possession series of a period, Team A scores a touchdown. On the try, Team B intercepts a pass and returns it for a two-point touchdown.
RULING: Team B starts its possession series at the 25-yard line with Team A leading in the overtime 6-2.
After the end of the first possession series by Team A, Team B commits a dead-ball foul.
RULING: Team B starts its possession series on the 40-yard line, first and 10.
During the first possession series of a period, A12 throws a forward pass and Team A is flagged for an illegal shift. B25 intercepts the pass, and B38 a) clips
or (b) commits a flagrant personal foul before B25 crosses Team A’s goal line.
RULING: Score not allowed. The fouls cancel and the down is not repeated. Team A’s possession series is ended, and a) Team B begins its possession series at the 25-yard line; b) B38 is ejected and Team B begins its possession series at the 40-yard line.
During the second possession series of a period, B25 intercepts a pass and carries the ball across Team A’s goal line. During the run, B79 clips at
midfield.
RULING: No touchdown. Either the game is over, or the next period will start with first and 10 at the 25-yard line, since the penalty is not carried over
During the first possession series B37 intercepts a forward pass and has a clear field to the goal line when he makes an obscene gesture toward the nearest opponent
RULING: Team B’s score is canceled and the penalty is carried over. Team B begins its possession series on the 40-yard line, first and 10 (Rules 3-1-3 and 3-1-3-g-1 and 2).
At halftime the score is 56-0. The coaches and the referee agree that the third and fourth quarters should be shortened to 12 minutes each. The coaches also request that the second half be played with a “running clock,” i.e., that the game clock not be stopped
RULING: The remaining quarters may be shortened to 12 minutes each. However, the “running clock” is not allowed; normal clock rules apply for the entire game
During the extension of a period after the ball is ready for play and before the snap, Team A commits a foul.
RULING: Dead-ball foul. Team A is penalized for the foul and is entitled to complete the down
Time expires during Team A’s free kick at the end of the second quarter. A1 is offside on the kick
RULING: Penalty—Five yards from the previous spot, the end of Team B’s run, or the touchback spot, and the period is extended. Repeat the free kick or Team B is awarded an untimed down
Time expires during Team A’s attempted field goal at the end of the second quarter. Team B was offside.
RULING: Penalty—Five yards from the previous spot, the period is extended
(Rules 10-2-2-d-4-a).
A Team A player interferes with the opportunity to catch a kick (not a try) during a down in which time expires in the first quarter.
RULING: Penalty—15 yards from the
spot of the foul. The period is not extended and the penalty will be enforced at the beginning of the second quarter.
Team A scores a touchdown during a down in which time expires. After the touchdown, but before the try, either team fouls.
RULING: The period is extended only for the try. The penalty may be enforced on the try or the succeeding kickoff, or the succeeding spot in extra periods
Team A scores a touchdown during a down in which time expires. During Team A’s successful try, Team B fouls.
RULING: The period is not extended for the kickoff. Team A may accept the penalty and repeat the try, or decline the penalty and accept the score. Penalties for personal fouls and unsportsmanlike conduct are enforced on the subsequent kickoff or the succeeding spot in extra periods.
Team A scores a touchdown during a down in which time expires. After the try ends, either team commits a dead-ball foul
RULING: The try may be
repeated for an accepted penalty if a live-ball foul occurred during the try; the penalty for the dead-ball foul will then also be enforced on the repeated
try. The period is not extended to enforce a penalty for a dead-ball foul. If accepted, this penalty must be enforced on the kickoff to start the next period or at the succeeding spot in extra periods.
Time expires in the first half on a play in which A12 is beyond the neutral zone when he completes a pass to A88 in Team B’s end zone.
RULING: Team B accepts the penalty to nullify the score, and at the option of the offended team the period is not extended because the penalty includes loss of down. The first half ends.
When the ball is dead after a running play that ends out of bounds, the 40-second play clock is started. The umpire receives the ball from the line judge, and as he is placing it on the ground, he sees that it is one of Team B’s balls. He tosses the ball to the line judge who attempts to get a Team A ball from the ball boy
RULING: If the play clock reads 25 or less before the correct ball is in from the sideline and ready for play, the Referee will attempt to reset the play clock without stopping the game clock. If the play clock is not quickly reset, the Referee declares a timeout, the play clock is reset to 25 seconds and signals ready-for-play. The game clock starts on the snap unless it had been running when the Referee declared a timeout
When the ball is dead after a running play that ends in the side zone, the officials have difficulty getting the ball in to the hash mark. As the play clock nears 25, the Umpire places the ball on the ground, and by the time the officials are ready, the play clock is somewhat below 25 when the Umpire steps away
RULING: Without stopping the game clock, the Referee gives the “pump” signal to indicate that the play clock is to be reset to 25. If the play clock is quickly reset to 25, the game clock does not stop. Only if the
play clock operator does not quickly respond to the Referee’s “pump” signal will the Referee declare a timeout, signal for the play clock to be set at 25, and then signal to start both the play and game clocks.
Team A scores a Touchdown and the 40 second play clock is started. Without stopping the game, the Referee receives positive confirmation from the Replay Official that the Touchdown is good. The play clock displays: (a) 25 or more seconds, or (b) 24 or less seconds
RULING: The Referee (a) signals to clear the Center Judge and allow the ball to be snapped. (b) The Referee will signal the play clock be reset to 25 seconds, and will then signal to clear the Center Judge and allow the ball to be snapped.
Team A scores a Touchdown and the 40 second play clock is started. With less than 25 seconds on the play clock, Team A Head Coach or Team Captain requests the ball be moved to the left hash mark.
RULING: The officials will not honor the request. Team A may call a timeout to relocate the ball unless preceded by a Team A foul or offsetting fouls.
1/10 @ A-25. Early in the 4th quarter, back A21 takes a handoff and runs
for a 15-yard gain and is down inbounds. During the play, A88 is guilty of holding at the A-30, and (a) B54’s helmet comes off during the play (not a direct result of a foul) or (b) B54 is injured on the play.
RULING: The holding foul by A88 will be penalized 10-yards from the spot of the foul and it will be 1/15 @ A-20. In both (a) and (b), the play clock will be set to 40, and both the play clock and game clock will be started on the Referee’s signal.
Late in a quarter Team A, out of timeouts, makes a first down, stopping the clock which reads 0:03. Team A intends to spike the ball and run an additional play. The referee appropriately blows his whistle and signals, which starts the game clock. The quarterback takes the snap and raises the ball high over his head before throwing it directly to the ground. The game clock shows 0:00.
RULING: Time in the quarter has expired. Although there were 3 seconds on the game clock when the referee signaled it to start, there is no guarantee of enough time to run an additional play other than spiking the ball. The offense must execute the spike in a timely manner.
3/2 @ B15. After the Two-Minute Timeout in the second quarter, A45
fumbles a live ball after gaining three yards. The officials cannot determine
who has recovered the fumble, so the line judge signals the clock to stop
while the ball is being located. A45 is found to be in possession of the ball
and (a) has not made the line to gain or (b) has made the line to gain
RULING: The 40-second clock starts when the ball is declared dead. (a)
The referee immediately will signal the game clock to start. (b) The game
clock will start on the referee’s signal when the ball is ready for play. Note:
If the play clock is less than 25 seconds when the ball is ready for play, the
referee will reset the play clock to 25 seconds.
On third and 2-1/2, A45 fumbles a live ball after gaining three yards. The officials cannot determine who has recovered the fumble, so the line judge signals the clock to stop while the ball is being located. A45 is found to be in possession of the ball and (a) has not made his line to gain or (b) has made his line to gain
RULING: The 40-second clock starts when the ball is declared dead. (a) The referee immediately will signal the game clock to start. (b) The game clock will start on the referee’s signal when the ball is ready for play.
On second and 14, A45 gains six yards and is downed with the ball in his possession. The linesman, mistaking the back stake of the line-to-gain chain for the front stake, erroneously signals the clock to stop.
RULING: As soon as
FI-16 Rule 3 / Periods, Time Factors and Substitutions the error is detected by any official, the signal to start the clock shall be given by the game official detecting the error
Team A fumbles or the ball is loose after a backward pass. Several players dive on the ball, creating a “pile.’’
RULING: The covering official(s) shall stop the clock and the 40-second clock shall start. Upon positive knowledge of who recovered, the referee will point in the direction governed by possession and start the game clock (a) immediately if Team A has recovered short of the line to gain (no first down), or (b) on the snap if Team B has recovered.
A shoelace, padlace, jersey, number or equipment breaks or tears
RULING: No referee’s discretionary timeout permitted for repair or replacement.
Fourth and six. Team A’s running play, which ends inbounds, gains (a) eight yards or (b) five yards. B1 is offside during the play
RULING: (a) Team A’s ball. First and 10. The clock starts on the referee’s signal. (b) Team A’s ball. Fourth and one. The clock starts on the referee’s signal. (Rules 3-3-2-e-1 and e-4
Fourth and four. Team A’s running play, which ends inbounds, gains (a) six yards or (b) three yards. B1 is offside during the play.
RULING: (a) Team A’s ball, first and 10. The clock starts on the referee’s signal. (b) Team A’s ball, first and 10 after accepting the penalty. The clock starts on the referee’s signal.
Third and four. Team A’s pass is intercepted by B1, who is downed inbounds. B2 was offside during the play.
RULING: Team A’s ball. First and 10. The clock starts on the referee’s signal. Although the clock was stopped to award Team B a first down, Team B will not next snap the ball.
Late in the second or fourth quarter, ball carrier A37 goes out of bounds. When the game clock is stopped it reads (a) 2:00, or (b) 1:59
RULING: (a) The game clock starts on the referee’s signal when the ball is ready for play. (b) The game clock starts on the snap.
Late in the second or fourth quarter, Team A has second and eight. B44 intercepts a legal forward pass and carries the ball out of bounds. B79 is in the neutral zone at the snap. When the game clock is stopped it reads (a) 2:00, or (b) 1:59.
RULING: Team A accepts the penalty and retains possession of the ball. In both (a) and (b) the game clock starts on the referee’s signal, because
Team B will not next snap the ball. In (b) if Team B is leading, the clock will start on the snap
Fourth and eight at the A-12, late in the fourth quarter. The punt is blocked and the ball does not cross the neutral zone. At the A-10, back A22 recovers the ball and throws a forward pass to eligible A88 who is tackled at the B-3. The game clock reads 0:03.
RULING: Team A’s ball at the B-3, first and goal. The game clock starts on the snap because of the legal kick play. (Rules 3-3-2-d-8, 3-3-2-e-1, 3-3-2-f)
Free Kick @ A-35. Team A executes an on-side kick. After the ball has traveled 10 yards, (a) B21 gives a valid fair catch signal and makes a clean catch; (b) A80 is first to touch the ball and makes a clean legal catch or recovery; (c) B21 catches or recovers the ball and immediately goes to the ground; (d) B21 makes a clean recovery with their knees on the ground.
RULING: The ball is declared dead and, (a) No time will run off the clock; (b) No time will run off the clock; (c) the clock operator shall start the clock when the ball is legally touched and will stop the clock when the ball is declared dead (Rule 3-3-2-a); (d) No time will run off the clock.
Third and five at the B-15 late in the fourth quarter, with Team A trailing 10-7. Quarterback A11 rolls out and is at the B-12 when he throws a forward
pass that is incomplete. When the ball is dead the game clock shows 0:13. Team B accepts the penalty for the illegal forward pass
RULING: Fourth and seven at the B-17. Team B has the option for a 10-second runoff. Assuming that Team B accepts the runoff, the game clock is set at 0:03 and starts on the referee’s signal
A game between teams from different conferences has been suspended in the middle of the third quarter very late at night due to weather. It is clear that the game cannot be resumed. The directors of athletics for the participating teams are unable to arrive at an agreement on which option should be in effect
RULING: The outcome of the game is determined by the conference policy of the home team
Before the snap, a legal substitute of either team running from the bench requests a timeout before being within the nine-yard marks. He then requests a timeout again after being within the nine-yard marks
RULING: Initial timeout request not granted. Second request granted (Rule 7-1-3-b).
3/10 @ B-40. Early in the 2nd quarter, team A has all 3 timeouts remaining.
A12 throws to A88 but the pass is ruled incomplete. The Team A head
coach calls timeout to challenge the ruling on the field of an incomplete pass. Replay overturns the ruling on the field to a catch at the B-31. After the ball is ready at the B-31, Team A breaks the huddle late in the play clock, and the Team A head coach attempts to call a timeout just before the play clock displays zero.
RULING: Dead-ball foul, delay of game by Team A. Team A had 4/1 @ B-31 after the overturn in replay, and then following the penalty for delay of game, Team A will have 4/6 @ B-36. The officials will not honor the request by the Team A Coach. Team A retains their challenge which may be used only once more during the game, and they retain their timeout and have 3 timeouts remaining in the 1st half
At the end of a play, with the game clock running, the referee notices that A22 is bleeding
RULING: The referee stops the clock and declares an injury timeout. A22 leaves the field of play or the end zone for treatment by appropriate medical personnel. Unless there is also an injury to a Team B
player the play clock is set to 25 seconds and starts on the ready-for-play signal (Rule 3-2-4-c-4).
After being treated for a bleeding or oozing wound, A22 (A.R. 3-3-5-I) attempts to enter the game before the next snap.
RULING: A22 must remain out of the game for at least one play. In any event, he may return only on the approval of his team professional medical personnel.
B52’s jersey has blood spots on it.
RULING: Unless the official determines
that the jersey is saturated with blood, B52 may remain in the game. (Note:
Saturated is defined as soaked with moisture or drenched. If blood has
penetrated through a garment to the skin or can be transferred to another
player or game official, the garment is saturated.)
An official notices that blood has soaked through B10’s jersey.
RULING: B10 must leave the game until medical personnel have determined if the
jersey must be replaced.
B10 tackles A12. An official determines that B10’s jersey is saturated with blood from a cut on A12’s arm
RULING: Both players must leave the game—A12 for treatment of his open wound, B10 for a determination by medical personnel as to whether he has to replace his jersey.
During a dead-ball interval, A85 notices a bleeding cut on his arm. He voluntarily goes to the team area and is replaced by A88
RULING: This is a legal substitution and there is no variation in game timing. A85 may return to the game after the injury has been treated, but he must adhere to substitution rules.
On second down the Team A ball carrier is tackled inbounds. The clock is then stopped for an injury to a player of Team B. (a) No other players are injured on the play. (b) There is also an injury to a player of Team A. (c) The referee grants a media timeout
RULING: In (a), (b) and (c) upon preparing to resume play the referee will indicate that the play clock be set to 40 seconds. Both the play clock and the game clock will start on the ready-for-play signal.
Late in the half ball carrier A35 is tackled. B79 goes to the ground with an injury and the officials stop the game clock, which shows (a) 12 seconds; (b) eight seconds
RULING: Team A has the option of a 10-second runoff. If there is no 10-second runoff the game clock starts on the snap. If Team A accepts the option, (a) there will be two seconds on the game clock which will start on the referee’s signal; (b) time in the half has expired
Late in the half ball carrier A35 is tackled beyond the line to gain. B79 goes to the ground with an injury.
RULING: There is no option for a 10-second runoff because the game clock stops on the first down as well as the injury. The game clock starts on the referee’s signal.
After the ball is dead, A55 blocks B33 at his waist, knocking him to the ground. As B33 hits the ground his helmet comes off.
RULING: Dead-ball foul by A55, 15-yard penalty from the succeeding spot. B33 must leave the game for the next down as his helmet came off through play and not due to a helmet foul. B33 may remain in the game if Team B takes a timeout
Late in the first quarter ball carrier A22 is legally tackled, and his helmet comes off just after his back hits the ground. The game clock reads 0:00.
RULING: A22 must leave the game for the next down, which will be the initial down of the second quarter. A22’s helmet came off through play and there was no helmet foul by Team B. However, A22 may remain in the game if Team A takes a timeout
During the down A22’s helmet comes off (no helmet foul by the defense) and B77 goes down with an injury. The ball carrier is tackled inbounds. When
the clock is stopped it reads 0:58 in the fourth quarter
RULING: Unless Team A takes a charged timeout, A22 must leave the game for one play. The play clock is set at 40 seconds, due to the defensive injury, rather than 25 seconds due to the helmet coming off the offensive player. There is no option for a 10-second runoff because the clock stops for both the helmet off and the injury, and these occur for opposing players
During the down A22’s helmet comes off (no helmet foul by the defense) and A45 goes down with an injury. The ball carrier is tackled inbounds. When
the clock is stopped it reads 0:58 in the fourth quarter
RULING: Because the injury and the helmet off occur to players on the same team, there is an option for a 10-second runoff. Team A may keep A22 in the game and also avoid the 10-second runoff by taking one charged timeout
During a play running play that ends in bounds, a linebacker’s helmet comes off. When the ball becomes dead the game clock is stopped and reads 0:45 in the second quarter
RULING: The play clock is set at 40 seconds. Team A
has the option for a 10-second runoff. If Team A exercises this option, unless Team B is charged with a timeout the game clock is set to 0:35 and starts on
the Referee’s signal. If Team B uses a timeout to avoid the 10-second runoff, the game clock remains at 0:45, the play clock is set at 25 and starts on the Referee’s signal, and the game clock starts on the snap
After any timeout, one of the teams is not ready to play
RULING: Illegal delay. Penalty—Five yards from the succeeding spot.
On a running play late in the half the Team A ball carrier is tackled inbounds. Team B players are deliberately slow to “unpile” in an obvious attempt
to consume time and prevent the officials from making the ball ready for play
RULING: Team B foul for delay of game. Penalty—five yards at the succeeding spot. The game clock will start on the snap (Rule 3-4-3).
In an attempt to consume time in the fourth period, Team A stalls and the play clock expires.
RULING: Foul for delay of game. Penalty—Five yards
from the succeeding spot. The clock starts on the snap.
After the Two-Minute Timeout in the fourth quarter and the clock running,
Team B has no timeouts remaining. In an effort to conserve time, B77 crosses the neutral zone and touches a Team A player.
RULING: Dead-ball foul. Penalty—Five yards from the succeeding spot. Because this play occurred after the Two-Minute Timeout, this foul comes under the 10-second runoff rule
(Rule 3-4-4)
After the Two-Minute Timeout in the second quarter and the clock running,
Team B has no timeouts remaining. Ball carrier A12 throws a backward pass out of bounds from behind or beyond the neutral zone short of the line to gain to conserve time.
RULING: Penalty—Five yards from the spot of the foul and loss of down. Because this play occurred after the Two-Minute Timeout, this foul comes under the 10-second runoff rule (Rule 3-4-4).
A ball carrier throws an incomplete forward pass while beyond the neutral zone to conserve time
RULING: Penalty—Five yards from the spot of the foul and loss of down. The clock starts on the ready-for-play signal (Rule 7-3-2 Penalty). Note: If the play occurs anytime after the Two-Minute Timeout, this foul comes under the 10-second runoff rule (Rule 3-4-4).
With two minutes remaining in either half and his team with no timeouts remaining, B77 crosses the neutral zone and touches a Team A player in an effort to conserve time
RULING: Dead-ball foul. Penalty—Five yards
from the succeeding spot. The clock starts on the ready-for-play signal. At his discretion the referee may have the play clock set at 40 seconds. Note: If there is less than one minute remaining in the half, this foul comes under the 10-second runoff rule (Rule 3-4-4)
A ball carrier, late in the second period, throws a backward pass out of bounds from behind or beyond the neutral zone to conserve time
RULING: Penalty—Five yards from the spot of the foul and loss of down. The clock starts on the ready-for-play signal. Note: If there is less than one minute
remaining in the half, this foul comes under the 10-second runoff rule (Rule 3-4-4).
A ball carrier throws a forward pass while beyond the neutral zone to conserve time
l carrier throws a forward pass while beyond the neutral zone to conserve time. RULING: Penalty—Five yards from the spot of the foul and loss of down. The clock starts on the ready-for-play signal (Rule 7-3-2 Penalty). Note: If there is less than one minute remaining in the half, this foul comes under the 10-second runoff rule (Rule 3-4-4).
Late in the fourth quarter Team A trails by four points and is driving for a potential score. After a running play on which the ball carrier is tackled inbounds, Team B players are obviously and deliberately slow in letting him get to his feet or otherwise are employing tactics to delay the officials in making the ball ready for play
RULING: Dead-ball foul against Team B, delay of game. When the ball is ready for play, the referee will signal the 25-second clock to start, and the game clock will start on the snap.
Second and seven at the A-25. Team A is ahead in the score late in the second quarter. When ball carrier A22 is tackled in the field of play, the game clock reads 1:47. The umpire reports to the referee that he has a flag for holding by snapper A55. On the play, A22 gained (a) three yards; (b) nine yards.
RULING: In both a) and b), after enforcement of the penalty, the game clock starts on the snap or on the referee’s signal, at the option of Team B.
Second and 10 at the B-30. The game clock is running in the second half. Team A trails by two points and is out of timeouts. After the ball is ready for play lineman A66 commits a false start, and when the officials stop the game clock it reads (a) 13 seconds; (b) 8 seconds. Team B accepts the yardage
penalty and the clock runoff
RULING: (a) Five-yard penalty with 10 seconds subtracted from the game clock, which is set at 3 seconds. Second and 15 at the B-35. The clock starts on the referee’s signal. (b) The game is over. Team B wins
Second and 10 at the B-30. The game clock is running in the second half. Team A trails by two points and is out of timeouts. At the snap Team A has five players in the backfield. A22 carries for a three-yard gain to the B-27. When the ball is declared dead the game clock reads (a) 13 seconds; (b) 8 seconds
RULING: (a) and (b) Five-yard penalty, illegal formation. Second and 15 at the B-35. Because the illegal formation is not a foul that causes the clock to stop immediately, the 10-second runoff does not apply. After the penalty is administered the game clock starts on the referee’s signal.
Team A is leading 24-21 with less than one minute in the game and the game clock running. With the ball ready for play on third and seven at the B-35, tackle B55 jumps across the neutral zone and contacts A77. The officials shut the play down with the game clock showing 0:38. Team B is out of timeouts.
RULING: Offside against Team B. Five-yard penalty and a 10-second runoff from the game clock. The game clock is set at 0:28. Third and two at the B-30. The clock starts on the referee’s signal.
Fourth quarter with the game clock running. Second and five at the B-20. Tackle B77 is in the neutral zone at the snap, but does not make contact. QB A12 rolls out to pass, runs to the B-17 and throws a forward pass, which falls incomplete. The game clock reads 0:15
RULING: Team A illegal forward pass and Team B offside. Offsetting fouls. No 10-second runoff. Second and 5 at the B-20. The game clock remains at 15 seconds and starts on the snap.
Second and 10 at the B-30 with the game clock running. Team A trails in the score. Guard A66 in a three-point stance misses the snap count and lurches
forward, committing a false start. B77 then commits a dead-ball personal foul or a dead-ball foul for unsportsmanlike conduct. The game clock is stopped
with 8 seconds remaining in the game. This occurs (a) in the fourth quarter; (b) in the second quarter
RULING: (a) The game is over because Team B will
accept the 10-second runoff associated with the false start. Thus the penalty for B77’s dead-ball foul is not enforced. (b) The half is over because Team B will
accept the 10-second runoff associated with the false start. The penalty for the Team B dead-ball foul carries over to the second half. Due to the 10-second
runoff, by interpretation the Team B dead-ball foul effectively occurs after the half has ended and the penalty is thus carried over. In either (a) or (b) Team
A may avoid the 10-second runoff by using an available charged timeout. In that case the penalty for the foul by B77 would be enforced, giving Team A
first and 10 at the B-20 after enforcement of both penalties.
Second quarter with the score tied. At the snap the game clock reads 0:45. During the play, A55 loses his helmet. Right tackle A77 is flagged for holding. The ball carrier is tackled inbounds short of the line to gain
RULING: A55 must leave the game for one play. There is no option for a 10-second runoff, because at the
end of the play the clock is stopped both for the helmet off and to administer the holding penalty. The play clock is set to 25 seconds and the game clock
starts on the Referee’s signal or snap at the option of the offended team. (Rule 3-3-9)
3/5 @ B-15 late in the fourth quarter, with Team A trailing 10-7. Quarterback A11 rolls out and is at the B-12 when he throws a forward pass that is incomplete. When the ball is dead the game clock shows 0:13. Team B accepts the penalty for the illegal forward pass
RULING: Fourth and seven at the B-17. Team B has the option for a 10-second runoff. Assuming that Team B accepts the runoff, the game clock is set at 0:03 and starts on the referee’s signal
2/7 @ A-5 late in the second quarter. Quarterback A11 drops back to pass and is scrambling in his end zone as he tries to find an open receiver. About to be tackled in the end zone, A11 throws the ball forward to the ground in an area where there are no eligible receivers. The referee throws a flag for intentional grounding. When the ball is dead the game clock shows 0:18. Team B accepts the penalty
RULING: The penalty results in a safety, and Team A will free kick at the A-20. Team B has the option for a 10-second runoff. If Team B accepts the runoff, the game clock is set at 0:08 and starts on the referee’s
signal. If Team B declines the runoff, the game clock remains at 0:18 and starts when the kicked ball is legally touched in the field of play.
Any player(s), in excess of 11, obviously is withdrawing but has not reached a boundary line when the ball is put in play and he does not interfere with play or players.
RULING: Live-ball foul. Penalty—Five yards from the
previous spot.
After a change of team possession or any timeout, the ball is declared ready for play. When Team A has completed its offensive formation, Team B must
promptly position its personnel. Team B will be allowed time to complete substitutions
RULING: Either team is subject to a delay-of-game foul - Team B for not completing its substitutions promptly (Rule 3-4-2-b-3) or Team A for causing the 25-second clock to expire. Penalty—Five yards from the succeeding spot
On third down (no change of team possession), ball carrier A27 goes out of bounds or Team A’s legal forward pass falls incomplete. During this interval
between downs, there is no other referee’s timeout. Before the fourth-down snap, substitute B75 enters the game and then departs without remaining in
the game for one play
RULING: Dead-ball foul. Penalty—Five yards from
the succeeding spot
Team A has 11 players in the huddle. A81 mistakenly thinks he has been replaced and runs to his team area. He is immediately sent back onto the field
and assumes a position on the line of scrimmage near his sideline. The entire team has been stationary for one second before the snap and there has not been a referee’s timeout
RULING: Dead-ball foul. The player loses his status as a participant when he enters the team area while the ball is dead, and then must adhere to substitution rules. Penalty—Five yards from the succeeding spot, or 15 yards from the succeeding spot if this is judged to be a violation of Rule 9-2-2-b (Rules 3-5-2-d and 9-2-2-b).
After the ball is ready for play and the umpire (or center judge) is in his regular position, Team A quickly replaces some players with substitutes, gets set for
the required one second and snaps the ball. The umpire (or center judge) is attempting to get to the ball to allow the defense to match up, but he is
unable to prevent the snap
RULING: The play is shut down, the game clock
is stopped and the defense is allowed to substitute in response to Team A’s late substitutions. No foul. The play clock is set to 25 seconds and starts on the
ready-for-play signal. The game clock starts on the ready-for-play signal or the snap, depending on its condition when play was stopped. The referee informs
the Team A head coach that any subsequent such actions will result in a foul against the team for unsportsmanlike conduct under Rule 9-2-3.
After a down that resulted in first and 10 at the B-40, eleven players of Team A, which runs a no-huddle offense, move to their various positions to set for the next play. The ball is ready for play when A22 runs onto the field from his team area, and after he pauses the top of the numbers, he or the coaching staff apparently realizes that he is the 12th player. A22 then turns and runs back to his team area. The ball has not been snapped.
RULING: Dead-ball foul for a substitution infraction. By interpretation A22 has become a player by entering
his team’s “effective huddle” and thus must remain in the game for one play. Five-yard penalty. Team A will have first and 15 at the B-45. (Rule 2-27-9-b)
Late in the first half Team A is out of timeouts. A pass play on third down ends inbounds at the B-25 short of the line to gain with the game clock
showing 0:10. Facing fourth down and three, Team A immediately hurries its field goal team onto the field.
RULING: Team B should reasonably expect that Team A will attempt a field goal in this situation and should have its field-goal defense unit ready. The umpire will not stand over the ball, as there should be no issue of the defense being uncertain about the next play
Late in the first half Team A is out of timeouts. A pass play on third down
ends inbounds at the B-25 short of the line to gain with the game clock
showing 0:30. Facing fourth down and three, Team A gives no indication as
to its next play until the game clock reads 0:10. They then rush their field goal unit onto the field, and Team B then hurries to respond.
RULING: The Referee starts the substitution mechanics process and the umpire moves to the ball to prevent the snap. The umpire will step away when the Referee determines that the defense has had adequate time to complete its substitution.
If the game clock reads 0:00 before the ball is snapped after the umpire steps away, the half has ended.
1/10 @ A-25. Late in the 1st quarter, ball carrier A21 circles right end toward his team area and is hit by B54 at the A-30. A21 continues to drive forward and lands with his body down at the A-34 (a) just inbounds; (b) out of bounds in the white. There are no other substitutions for team A
RULING:
Team A will have 2/1 @ A-34. In (a), the game clock will not stop, and the
play clock will be set to 40 and started within 1 second from when the ball
is declared dead. Team A may snap the ball when the ball is ready for play.
In (b), the game clock will be stopped, and will be restarted on the Referee’s
signal. The play clock will be set to 40 and will start within 1 second from
when the ball is declared dead. The Referee will give the “T” signal signifying substitution mechanics are in place and Team B will be given the opportunity to substitute. When Team A players go out of bounds after the play between the twenty-yard lines on their team area’s side of the field, the referee will initiate the “T” and work through the substitution mechanics’ process.
Late in the first half Team A is out of timeouts. A pass play on third down ends inbounds at the B-25 short of the line to gain with the game clock showing 0:30. Facing fourth down and three, Team A gives no indication as to its next play until the game clock reads 0:10. They then rush their field goal unit onto the field, and Team B then hurries to respond.
RULING: The umpire moves to the ball to prevent the snap until Team B has had a reasonable opportunity to get its field-goal defense unit onto the field. The
umpire will step away when he judges that the defense has had enough time. If the game clock reads 0:00 before the ball is snapped after the umpire steps
away, the half is over.
A33, an incoming substitute, enters the huddle or assumes a position in a formation and (a) after approximately two seconds, A34 leaves the huddle and departs the field of play at his sideline, or (b) after approximately four seconds, A34 leaves the huddle and departs the field of play at his sideline.
RULING: (a) Legal. (b) Foul. (Note: A departing player who leaves the huddle or his position within three seconds is considered to have left immediately.)
3/5 @ B-35. Team B has 12 players in the formation, and no Team B player is attempting to leave the field while the ball is ready for play. Team A snaps the ball and the run by A44 gains 3 yards.
RULING: Live ball foul, Team A 1/10 @ B-30
Team A has 11 players in its huddle when A27 approaches the huddle (within 10 yards) as it breaks
RULING: Dead-ball foul. Penalty—Five yards from the succeeding spot (Rule 2-27-9-a).
3/5 @ B-35. Team B has 12 players in the formation, and B44 recognizes that he is the 12th player and is attempting to leave the field. When the ball
is snapped, (a) B44 is on the field but his next stride takes him off the field; or (b) B44 touches out of bounds just before the snap. Team A snaps the ball
and the run by A44 gains 3 yards.
RULING: (a) Live ball foul by B44. Team A 1/10 @ B-30. (b) No foul by B44, 4/2 @ B-32. To not be counted as the 12th player, B44 must be off of the field of play.
Team A is in formation to kick a field goal and Team B has 11 players in its formation. Just before the ball is snapped a 12th Team B player runs onto the field. The ball is snapped and the kicker completes his kick
RULING: Liveball foul. Five-yard penalty, previous spot, or Team A may accept the result of the play
Team A lines up for a two-point try attempt at the B-3. Team B has eleven players in its defensive formation. The 12th Team B player runs onto the field just before or just as the ball is snapped. A22 takes the handoff from the quarterback and (a) is tackled at the one-yard line; or (b) carries the ball into the end zone
RULING: Live-ball foul against Team B for illegal substitution. (a) Penalize Team B half the distance to the goal and repeat the try at the B-1.5. (b) Team A will decline the penalty on the successful try.
3/5 @ B-35. Team B has 12 players in the formation, and no Team B player is attempting to leave the field. The ball is ready for play, both teams are in
formation and the snap is imminent. Quarterback A12, late in the play clock, is struggling to read the defense and (a) calls timeout; or (b) the play clock expires
RULING: When the deep officials count 12 Team B players, both teams are in formation, no Team B player is attempting to leave the field and the snap is imminent, (a) the crew will offer Team A their time out back and penalize Team B for a substitution foul. Team A 1/10 @ B-30 (b) no foul for delay of game, penalize Team B for a substitution foul. Team A 1/10 @ B-30.
3/5 @ B-30. It is late in the half and both teams have all their timeouts remaining. With Team A at the line and ready to snap the ball, the Team B head coach requests a timeout, and the timeout is granted. After the timeout, both teams are in formation and the ball is ready for play. (a) Team B head coach requests a time out, or (b) Team A head coach requests a timeout.
(a) The officials shall not acknowledge the timeout request. Team B still has 2 timeouts remaining, but since they have already called a timeout in the dead ball period, a timeout is not available for Team B, (b) Team A timeout is granted. Since they have timeouts remaining and have not called a timeout in this dead ball period, Team A has a timeout available
3/5 @ B-30. It is late in the half and both teams have all their timeouts remaining. With Team A at the line and ready to snap the ball, the Team B head coach requests a timeout, and the time out is granted. After the timeout, both teams are in formation and the ball is ready for play. Just before the snap, A77 commits a false start. Team A is penalized 5 yards creating a 3/10
situation. Both teams are back in formation with the ball ready for play, and Team B head coach requests a timeout
The officials shall not acknowledge the Team B head coach’s timeout request. Team B still has 2 timeouts remaining, but since they have already called a timeout in the dead ball period, a timeout is not available for Team B. Because the false start is a
dead ball foul, we are still in the same dead ball period from when Team B called a timeout, so a timeout is not available to Team B.
