Rūgštys ir bazės. Druskos. Disociacija. Druskų hidrolizė. Flashcards

1
Q

Neelektrolitai

A

medziagos nepraleidzia elektros sroves
cukrus gliukoze naftalenas benzenas

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2
Q

Elektrolitai

A

praleidzia elektros srove
druskos mineralines rugstys sarmai

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3
Q

Elektrolitas tirpale

A

skyla i teigiamus katijonus ir neigiamus anijonus

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4
Q

Disociacija

A

tirpinamu ar lydomu jonines strukturos junginiu skaidymas i jonus

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5
Q

Jonizacija

A

neutraliu molekuliu veikimas jonais

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6
Q

Silpnas elektrolitas

A

L=0-3proc. rugstys H2CO3, H2SiO3, H2S, HF, NH4OH baze, sunkiuju metalu hidroksidai, H2O, organines rugstys, amfoteriniai hidroksidai Zn(OH)2 Cr(OH)3 Al(OH)3

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7
Q

Vidutinis elektrolitas

A

L= 3-30proc. H3PO4, H2SO3

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8
Q

Stiprus elektrolitas

A

L>30proc. disociacija negriztama HNO3, H2SO4, HHal, HF, sarmai/NH4OH, druskos

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9
Q

Jonu moline koncentracija tirpale

A

Cj= L * CM * nj

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10
Q

nj

A

jonu skaicius, gautas disocijavus

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11
Q

Rugstys vandeniniame tirpale disocijuoja

A

HA -> H+ + A-
HCl -> H+ + Cl-
HCL + H2O -> H3O+ + Cl-

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12
Q

Bazes vandenyje disocijuoja

A

MeOH <–> Me+ + HO-
KOH -> K+ + HO-

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13
Q

Del ko susidaro pusiausvyra

A

silpni elektrolitai disocijuoja lengvai

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14
Q

Ka galime isvesti is pusiausvyros?

A

pusiausvyros konstanta Kdis = CM/1-L, KC = (CA- * CK+)/CKA

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15
Q

Del ko galime isvesti disociacijos konstanta?

A

Silpnuose elektrolituose disocijuoja griztamai

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16
Q

Disociacijos konstanta formule

A

KC = (K+ * A-) / KA

17
Q

VIsuose vandeniniuose tirpaluose, esant pastoviai temperaturai

A

H+ ir OH- jonu koncentraciju sandauga yra pastovus dydis, vadinamas VANDENS JONINE KONCENTRACIJA

18
Q

Vandens jonine koncentracija =

A

1*10-14

18
Q

Jonu koncentracija vandenyje

A

[H+] = [HO]-

18
Q

Vandens disociacija

A

H2O -> H+ + HO

19
Q

Pagal ka galima nustatyti kokia yra tirpalo terpe?

A

Pagal vandens jonines sandaugos taisykle, tam naudojamas vandenilinis rodiklis

20
Q

Vandenilinis rodiklis tai

A

neigiamas vandenilio jonu koncentracijos logaritmas pH= -lg[H+]

21
Q

Perskaityk vidiniu zmogaus terpi PH!!!

A

:)

22
Q

Lakmusas

A

raudonas violetinis melynas

23
Q

Metiloranzas

A

raudonas, oranzinis, geltonas

24
Q

fenoftaleinas

A

bespalvis bespalvis avietinis