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DYS: Clinical + Pharmacy Practise > RTS > Flashcards

RTS Flashcards

1
Q

Symptom

A

What a patient tells you

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2
Q

Signs

A

What you can see

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3
Q

Responding to symptoms

A

Differentiating problems based on signs + symptoms

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4
Q

Minor ailments

A

Conditions that do not require action by another HCP

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5
Q

Self care

A

How patients help themselves

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6
Q

5 principles/stages for RTS

A

1) Recognise + interpret condition (info. gathering)
2) Determining goal of treatment
3) Recommending a treatment
4) Provision of advice
5) Quality assurance

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7
Q

Differential diagnosis

A

Diagnosis of a condition whose signs +/ symptoms are shared by various other conditions
Involves questioning patient about their symptoms and to check signs before deciding on an appropriate course of action
Aware of usual + danger symptoms

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8
Q

What practise is used in RTS?

A

Differential diagnosis

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9
Q

WWHAM

A 
Who is the patient?
What are the symptoms?
How long?
Actions taken?
Medicines?
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10
Q

Who is the patient?

A

Is it the person present or somebody else?
Consider:
- Gender (pregnancy + lactation)
- Age (elderly + children)
General health/social factors - do they look well?

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11
Q

What are the symptoms?

A 
Let patient describe 
Start with open questions 
Give patient time to talk
Follow-up to clarify
- Aggravating/relieving factors?
- Check for red-flag symptoms
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12
Q

How long?

A 
How long they have had they symptoms?
When did the symptoms start?
What was the person doing?
How did the symptom start?
Are the symptoms always there?
Is it a recurrence of a previous occasion?
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13
Q

Metronidazole interacts with

A

Alcohol

- needs to be swallowed whole

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14
Q

Danger symptoms

A 
Blood in 
- sputum
- vomit
- urine
- faeces
Unexpected weight loss
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15
Q

Quality Assurance

A

Record intervention in PMR

  • add info on disease, allergies, OTC medicines
  • audit (inspect) services
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16
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of gums

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17
Q

Cause of Gingivitis

A

Poor tooth brushing technique

Build up of plaque

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18
Q

Referral of Gingivitis

A

Foul taste with bleeding gums
Loose tooth
Signs of systemic illness
Rnadom gum bleeds

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19
Q

Treatment of Gingivitis

A

Improved brushing technique

Antibacterial mouthwash

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20
Q

Oral thrush

A

Fungal infection of the mouth

  • painless
  • common in young children
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21
Q

Treatment of oral thrush

A

Antifungals

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22
Q

Symptoms of Norovirus

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Fever, headache, aching limb

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23
Q

How long does norovirus last

A

12 - 60 hours

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24
Q

How long is recovery for norovirus

A

1-2 days

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25
Q

Advice for Indigestion + heartburn

A

AVOID

  • Alcohol
  • Too much eating (obesity) = reduce weight
  • Specific food (spicy / fatty foods)
  • Smoking
  • Tight clothing
  • Bending, stooping, slumping
26
Q

Health promotion

A

Process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental intervention

27
Q

WHO definition of Health

A

Basic human right and is essential for social + economic development

28
Q

Healthy diet

A 
Don't miss breakfast
Drink enough fluid (non-alcoholic)
Protein intake from fish
Minimise intake of salt, sugar diet + saturated fat
Eat lots of fruit + veg
29
Q

Current exercise recommendation for adults

A

150 min moderate intensity exercise per week
(75 minutes of vigorous exercise )
2+ days of muscle strengthening activities

30
Q

Sun protection

A

wear sunglasses
use sunscreen
10 min/day w/out sunscreen to produce Vitamin D

31
Q

Sunglasses requirenments

A

100% UV protection
meet EU standards
have CE mark
UV 400 label

32
Q

Sunscreen requirements

A 
SPF 15 / above
4 / 5* UVA protection
Apply sufficient
Re-apply regularly 
Stay in shade where possible
33
Q

Models of health promotion

A

Health education
Health protection
Prevention

34
Q

Preventative procedures + action

A 
Procedures = immunisation
Action = self-help groups
35
Q

Health protection

A 
Legal controls
Regulations
Policies
Codes of practise
...aimed at prevention of ill health/positive well being
36
Q

Transtheoretical model of behaviour change

A 
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance (termination)
37
Q

Maintenance (Transtheoretical model of behaviour change)

A

Total confidence
Goal achieved
Zero temptation under all high risk scenarios

38
Q

Action (Transtheoretical model of behaviour change)

A

Up to 6 months of change needed to stop smoking
People need support
Help include pharmacist, NRT, help line, groups

39
Q

Preparation

A

Seriously thinking of quitting in a month
‘when i act will i fail’
= life saving surgery

40
Q

Contemplation

A

Seriously thinking of quitting in the next 6 months (not set a start date)
Aware of the benefits of quitting
But downside of quitting increases

41
Q

Pre-contemplation

A

Not thinking of quitting
average smoker; long-term maintenance by 30s
Environmental events + Negative events (made them start smoking)

42
Q

Referral for mouth ulcers

A

Longer than 3 weeks
Weight loss/diarrhoea
Rash/suspected ADR
Involves other mucous membrane

43
Q

Treatment for mouth ulcers

A

Symptomatic (gets rid of symptoms; not cause)
Local analgesics (bonjela)
Local anaesthetics
Topical corticosteroids

44
Q

Mouth ulcers

A

Painful + recurring
At a time, 1 - 5 ulcers; less than 5mm
Minor + self-limiting

45
Q

What makes up Non- ulcer dyspepsia

A

Indigestion + heartburn (GORD)

46
Q

Cause of indigestion

A

Specific foods (spicy, fatty)
Too much eating (obesity)
Alcohol
Medication

47
Q

Treatment for indigestion

A

Antacids
H2 antagonist
Dimeticone/Simeticone
Prokinetic drugs

48
Q

Side effects of antacids

A

Constipation / diarrhoea

49
Q

Why to avoid chronic use of antacids

A

Acid rebound hypertension due to high systemic absorption

50
Q

What does antacid interact with

A

Enteric-coated drugs (increase pH)

Affect absorption of many drugs

51
Q

Antacids

A
  • sodium bicarbonate; calcium carbonate; aluminium hydroxide; magnesium salts
  • Liquids more effective than soli
  • effective 1 hour after meal
  • high sodium content (therefore patients should avoid with low sodium diet)
52
Q

Dimeticone/simeticone

A

Reduce surface tension for easy elimination of gas by gut

- added to antacid prep

53
Q

Prokinetic drugs

A

Domperidone (POM) increases rate of gastric emptying and transit time in duodenum

54
Q

Heartbrum

A

Reflux of stomach contents (prevented by lower oesophageal sphincter
- oesophageal mucosa lacks protection from gastric acid

55
Q

Causes of Heartburn

A 
Foods + drinks
Alcohol
Smoking 
Drugs
Obesity
Pregnancy
56
Q

Treatment for heartburn

A

Antacids
H2RA
Alginates
PPI

57
Q

Alginates

A

form a raft on top of stomach contents to prevent reflux

  • alginic acid
  • they are in products containing antacids
  • safe inn pregnancy
  • fast acting
  • none are low sodium (patients with low sodium content cant have it)
  • liquids more effective
58
Q

PPIs

A

block secretion process of gastric acid into stomach
- omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole
- take 2 days to be effective
maximum duration is 2-4 weeks
- interacts with cytochrome p450 (not pantoprazole)
- not harmful in pregnancy

59
Q

Prescribed Dyspepsia meds

A

H2RA + PPIs

60
Q

Health promotion

A

Process of enabling people to increase over, to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour

61
Q

Are PPIs harmful in pregnancy

A

No

DYS: Clinical + Pharmacy Practise (1 decks)

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