Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Medicine 1 > RTI I: Skin Manifestations > Flashcards

RTI I: Skin Manifestations Flashcards

1
Q
  • What is first disease known as?
  • What is the etiology of this?
A
  • Measles (rubeola)
  • Measles virus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • What is second disease known as?
  • What is the etiology of this?
A
  • scarlet fever
  • streptococcus pyogenes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • What is third disease known as?
  • What is the etiology of this?
A
  • rubella
  • rubella virus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • What is fourth disease known as?
  • What is the etiology of this?
A
  • Filatov Duke’s disease
  • exotoxin-producing staphylococcus aureus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • What is fifth disease known as?
  • What is the etiology of this?
A
  • erythema infectiosum
  • parvovirus B19
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • What is sixth disease known as?
  • What is the etiology of this?
A
  • roseola infantum
  • HHV-6 and HHV-7
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • What is a discolored spot of on the skin; freckle?
  • What is a localized, elevation of the skin that is often accompanied by itching; urticaria?
  • What is a solid, circumscribed elevated area on the skin; pimple?
  • What is a larger papule; acne vulgaris?
  • What is a small fluid filled sac; blister?
A
  • macule
  • wheal
  • papule
  • nodule
  • vesicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • What is a small, elevated, circumscribed lesion of the skin that is filled with pus; a whitehead?
  • What is an eating or gnawing away of tissue; decubitus ulcer?
  • What is a dry, serous or seropurulent, brown, yellow, red, or green exudate that is seen secondary to lesions; eczema?
  • What is a thin, dry flake of cornified epithelial cells such as psoriasis?
  • What is a crack-like sore or slit that extends through the epidermis into the dermis; athletes foot?
A
  • pustule
  • erosis
  • crust
  • scale
  • fistula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • What is erythema infectiosum caused by?
  • Which individuals is this more common in?
  • What seasons is there higher rates of erythema infectiosum?
  • How is this transmitted?
  • What is the incubation period?
A
  • infection with parvovirus B19
  • ages 5-15 more common than adults
  • spring and summer months
  • respiratory droplets, contact with secretions
  • 5 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the initial symptoms of Erythema infectiosum?

A
  • fevers
  • rhinorrhea
  • headache
  • sore throat
  • N/D
  • arthralgias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When will a malar rash associated with erythema infectiosum appear?

A

2-5 days after initial symptom onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is this describing:
- slapped cheek appearance
- lacy maculopapular rash
- spare nasal, circumoral and periorbital regions of the face
- may spread to trunk/limbs
- may be pruritic

A

malar (cheek) rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Once a malar rash appears with an pt with erythema infectiosum, it is no longer (…)

A

contagious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What may the malar rash look like in adults?

A

lupus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The malar rash in erythema infectiosum spares what regions?

A

circumoral, perinasal, and periorbital regions of the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • Adults (especially females) are more likely to develop (…) from infection with parvovirus B19 (erythema infectiosum)
  • This will be in (…) and will also be (…)
  • How is this treated?
A
  • arthritis
  • small joints; symmetric
  • NSAIDs (ibuprofen)

(typically resolves w/ treatment, but can recur in some)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • Parvovirus can cause (…)
  • What does this cause a destruction of?
  • Which type of patients are especially affected by this?
  • What does treatment require?
A
  • aplastic crisis
  • erythrocyte progenitor cells
  • sickle cell patients
  • RBC transfusion and supplemental oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is Erythema infectiosum diagnosed?

A
  • clinical suspicion (recognition of signs/symptoms only; diagnostic testing unnecessary)
  • can test for IgM if unsure (rare)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the treatment for erythema infectiosum?

A

supportive measures only unless complications develop (self-limiting virus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Is there a vaccine for erythema infectiosum?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the different types measles?

A
  • rubella (german - ella)
  • rubeola (america - ruby)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • What is Rubeola caused by?
  • What is the incubation period of rubeola?
  • How is rubeola transmitted?
A
  • Measles virus
  • 11-12 days
  • droplets, secretions, saliva that remain infectious for 2 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • Prior to MMR vaccine, how many people died annually from rubeola?
  • What is the MMR vaccine series (how many shots)?
  • This vaccine gives what % immunity, usually for life?
  • Rubeola infection can occur at any age, but is primarily in what individuals?
A
  • 2 million
  • 2 shots
  • 99%
  • unvaccinated individuals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  • Once a person is infected with rubeola, how long are they infectious for (what is the time frame)?
  • Infection with rubeola occurs in (…)% of the susceptible that are exposed
  • What is the R-naught value of rubeola?
A
  • 4 days prior to symptoms until 4 days after rash appears
  • 90%
  • 11-18 (1 person infects 11-18 people)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a patient with rubeola in the prodromal phase?

A
  • fever
  • cough
  • coryza (profuse clear nasal drainage)
  • conjunctivitis
  • koplik spots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a pathognomonic presentation for rubeola?

A

koplik spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When a patient, especially a child, presents with an unknown rash, be sure to check the (…) for any changes

A

oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is this describing:
- small, white spots on the buccal mucosa
- appears like “grains of sand/rice”
- appears 2-3 days before rash

A

koplik spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of rubeola in the eruptive phase?

A
  • maculopapular rash that is typically non-pruritic
  • macules blanch and progress to papules with coalesce
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

With rubeola, how does the maculopapular rash spread through body?

A

begins behing the hairline, and spreads to the face, then the trunk, and then the extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What happens in the convalescent phase of rubeola? (clinical manifestations)

A

rash begins to disappear in the same order it arrived and fever resolves

(hairline to face to trunk to extremities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How does the location(s) of the rash associated with Rubeola differ compared to erythema infectiosum?

A

rash in rubeola doesn’t spare around mouth/eyes and there isn’t a “slapped cheek” appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q
  • Complications of measles affect what % of those who get measles?
  • Which individuals will have the worst outcomes?
  • How many individuals will develop pneumonia after measles?
  • 1 in 1000 individuals will develop (…); what does this lead to?
  • How many people will die from measles (out of those infected)?
A
  • 30%
  • young children
  • 1 in 20 infected individuals
  • encephalitis; hearing loss, intellectual disability
  • 3 in 1000
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are some complications associated with a rubeola infection?

A
  • fetal demise
  • otitis media
  • diarrhea
  • pneumonia
  • keratoconjunctivitis
  • encephalitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q
  • Fetal demise is a worrisome rubeola complication especially when it is contracted by the mother in the (…)
  • Otitis media is a rubeola complication consisting of an infection of the (…) and is a (…) complication of measles
  • How is diarrhea presented when it is a measles complication and what does it increase?
A
  • 1st trimester (organ formation)
  • tympanic membrane; common complication
  • water, severe; increases mortality d/t dehydration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When deaths occur from measles, what is typically the cause?

A

pneumonia

37
Q
  • What types of pneumonia are considered rubeola complications?
  • What bacteria typically cause the secondary infection?
A
  • primary measles infection or secondary bacterial pneumonia
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae or Hamophilus influenzae
38
Q
  • Keratoconjuctivitis is a rubeola complication that is an infection of the (…)
  • If this is not found and treated early, what can it lead to?
A
  • cornea
  • corneal damage and blindness
39
Q
  • Measles can cause swelling of the (…)
  • What is this known as?
  • What will the patient present with?
A
  • brain parenchyma
  • encephalitis
  • fever, HA, changes in consciousness/altered mentation
  • neurological deficit
40
Q

How is measles (rubeola) diagnosed?

(diagnostic testing)

A
  • measles (rubeola) IgM - less sensitive in first 3 days of rash
  • possible to send viral cultures of various specimens (blood/throat)
41
Q

If a patient presents with a fever, cough, coryza, conjuctivitis, and a rash, what should be in your differential?

A

measles (rubeola)

42
Q

If a patient comes in with measles (rubeola), what should you ask them (about risk factors)?

A
  • immunization status
  • international travel
  • exposure to known case
43
Q

What is the general treatment of rubeola?

A
  • supportive: increase fluids orally/IV; acetaminophen to reduce fever
  • Vitamin A supplement in all children w/ measles
  • vaccination
44
Q
  • Low levels of what vitamin can worsen measles complications?
  • You should supplement all (…) who have measles
  • You should treat for (…) in each case
A
  • vitamin A
  • children
  • 2 days
45
Q

What is the dose vitamin A supplementation for these individuals:
- infants < 6 months
- infants 6-11 months
- children > 12 months

A
  • 50,000 IU daily
  • 100,000 IU daily
  • 200,000 IU x 2 daily
46
Q
  • Patients who non-immune who are exposed to a case of measles should be vaccinated within (…)
  • In some cases, immune globulin can be given to which individuals for measles protection?
A
  • 72 hours
  • children under 1, pregnant women, immunocompromised persons
47
Q
  • If a patient develops a complication such as pneumonia or otitis media from measles, what can be given to them?
  • What is an antiviral medication that can be used in some cases for rubeola?
  • How is rubeola prevented?
A
  • antibiotics
  • ribavirin
  • vaccination, 2 doses
48
Q

When is ribavirin given to patients with measles (rubeola)?

A
  • infants under 12 mos
  • immunosuppressed
  • pts needing ventilation
49
Q

How is ribavirin given for those being treated with it for rubeola?

A
  • 15-20 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (IV or oral)
  • no studied duration (5 days to 3 weeks)
50
Q
  • When is the MMR vaccine given?
  • What % effectiveness does it provide after 2 doses?
A
  • 12-15 months and 4-6 years
  • 97%
51
Q

How is rubella transmitted?

A
  • respiratory droplets
  • direct contact with secretions
52
Q

How contagious is rubella compared to rubeola?

A

less contagious

53
Q

Pertaining to rubella:
- less than (…) people infected each year in the US
- between (…)% of infected patients are asymptomatic

A
  • 10 people
  • 20-50%
54
Q
  • What is the incubation period for rubella?
  • What typically appears with a rubella infection?
  • When does this occur and how long does it last for?
A
  • 8-9 days
  • pink, maculopapular rash
  • 16-18 days after exposure, lasts for 1-3 days
55
Q

What are some other symptoms associated with rubella?

A
  • low-grade fever
  • coryza
  • conjunctivitis
  • lymphadenopathy (cervical, occiptal, postauricle)
  • forchheimer spots
56
Q

What are forchheimer spots?

A

petechiae on the palate

57
Q
  • What is the path of the maculopapular rash in rubeola?
  • This rash is occasionally (…)
  • This rash lasts for (…) days and then disappears in the same direction is appeared
A
  • face, trunk, extremities
  • pruritic
  • 3 days
58
Q

What is the major complication of rubella?

A

when it is acquired in pregnancy:
congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)

59
Q

What are other complications of rubella?

A
  • arthralgia and arthritis
  • orchitis (testicular inflammation)
  • rare hemorrhages (brain, GI, renal)
60
Q

Complications of Rubella rarely cause long-lasting illness except (…)

A

CRS

(congenital rubella syndrome)

61
Q

What is used for the diagnosis of rubella?

A

rubella IgM antibodies

62
Q

All pregnant women will be tested for (…) in pregnancy due to this being one of the TORCH infections

A

rubella IgG

63
Q

What is the treatment for rubella?

A
  • no specific treatment
  • supportive care (hydration, antipyretics)
  • self-limiting in most cases
64
Q
  • When does roseola peak?
  • How is it spread?
  • What is the typical affected age?
A
  • spring and fall
  • respiratory droplets or contact with saliva
  • predominantly prior to age 2; after 2, 90% are seropositive
65
Q

Remember “Rosie” is an infant usually under age (…)

A

2

66
Q

Roseola can have a similar appearance to (…) but the prevalence is (…) and there are a few distinguishing characteristics

A
  • measles
  • much higher
67
Q

What is the cause of 10-45% of fevers in infants?

A

roseola

68
Q

Going from most common to diagnosis to least common to diagnose, put these in order:
- rubella, rubeola, erythema infectiosum, roseola

A
  • erythema infectiosum
  • roseola
  • measles (rubeola)
  • rubella
69
Q

What is the roseola timeline?

A
  • high fever for 3-5 days, coryza and conjunctivitis, irritability and fatigue
  • defervescence (fever disappears)
  • rash appears within 48 hours of fever resolution
70
Q

How does the roseola rash begin and spread?

A
  • trunk
  • neck
  • extremities
  • face
71
Q

Describe the rash of roseola

A
  • appears as 3 to 5 small macules or papules
  • rose colored lesions (starts as)
  • may have surrounding halo
  • rash in blanching
  • non-pruritic
72
Q

How long does a roseola rash last for?

A

up to 48 hours and then resolves

73
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of roseola?

A
  • respiratory tract symptoms (cough/congestion)
  • lymphadenopathy (cervica/occipital)
  • diarrhea
  • febrile seizures
  • nagayama spots
74
Q

What are nagayama spots associated with?

(red papules on soft palate/uvula; seen in 2/3 of pts)

A

roseola

75
Q

What are some complications of roseola?

A
  • pneumonia
  • meningitis
  • hepatitis (uncommon)
  • rhabdomyolysis
  • guillain-barre syndrome (symmetric paralysis)
76
Q
  • Which individuals may have a reactivation of roseola?
  • What can this result in?
A
  • immunosuppressed patients
  • bone marrow failure, meningitis/encephalitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, hepatitis
77
Q
A

malar rash; EI

78
Q
A

malar rash; EI

79
Q
A

malar rash, EI

80
Q
A

koplick spots; rubeola

81
Q
A

koplick spots; rubeola

82
Q
A

koplick spots; rubeola

83
Q
A

maculopapular rash; rubeola, rubella, roseola

84
Q
A

maculopapular rash; rubeola, rubella, roseola

85
Q
A

maculopapular rash; rubeola, rubella, roseola

86
Q
A

forchheimer spots; rubella

87
Q
A

forchheimer spots; rubella

88
Q
A

forchheimer spots; rubella

89
Q
A

nagayama spots

Clinical Medicine 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions